The Glass Menagerie Essays (2145 words) - English-language Films

The Glass Menagerie Subj: (no subject) Date: 6/4/00 12:53:26 PM Eastern Daylight Time From: MCC1000 To: MCC1000 The Glass Menagerie: Plight of the Wingfields In Tennessee Williams: A Portrait in Laughter and Lamentation, Harry Rasky uses extensive interviews with Williams to explore the playwrights intent. Through these interviews, Rasky presents a glimpse of the playwrights life-world and the driving force behind his creations. Rasky reports Williams as saying: I have always been more interested in creating a character that contains something crippled. I think nearly all of us have some kind of defect, anyway, and I suppose I have found it easier to identify with the characters who verge on hysteria, who were frightened of life, who were desperate to reach out to another person (134). This statement supports the idea that Williams incorporates something crippled into all his major characters. In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams portrays a crippling mother and child relationship comprising fundamental themes of dysfunctionalism. He poignantly illustrates that none of the characters are capable of living in the present. They believe their functionality and lifes happiness lies in their repeated quests for escape from plight. As such, they retreat into their separate worlds to escape lifes brutalities. Their daily tribulations thrive in an overcrowded buildings rear apartment where lower middle-class population is a symptomatic impulse of a large and fundamentally enslaved section in American society. Set in Depression-era St. Louis, the overbearing Southern ex-charmer, Amanda Wingfield is the de facto head of the household. A former Southern belle, Amanda is a single mother who behaves as though she still is the high school beauty queen. Williams still-resonant study reveals her desperate struggle with the forces of fate against her dysfunctional relationship that looms and grows among her adult children. (Gist) Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim resort to various escape mechanisms to avoid reality. Laura, fearful of being denigrated as inferior by virtue of her innate inability to walk, is shy and detaches herself from the unfeeling modern world. Amanda tries every means to integrate her into society, but to no avail. She sends her to business school and invites a gentleman caller to dinner. She is both unable to cope with the contemporary worlds mechanization represented by the speed test in typing and unable to make new acquaintances or friends due to her immense inhibition with people. Her life is humdrum and uneventful, yet it is full of dreams and inundated with memories. Whenever the outside world threatens Laura, she seeks solace and retreats to her glass animal world and old phonograph records. Amanda, her mother hints at the alternative of matrimony for fiasco in business careers and Laura utters a startled, doubtful laugh. She reaches quickly for a piece of glass. (Williams, ). The glass menagerie becomes her tactile consolation. The little glass ornaments represent Lauras self and characterize her fragility and delicate beauty. In particular, the glass unicorn greatly symbolizes her. As the unicorn is different from all the other glass horses, it adds a unique quality and virtual freakishness to her very characteristics (Kapcsos). Lauras physical handicap differentiates her from others. She is just as easily broken as the glass unicorn is as unique. She instantly regresses, just as it appears that Laura finally overcomes her shyness and hypersensitivity with Jim, the gentleman caller. Jim accidentally bumps into the unicorn, as it falls and breaks. The unicorn no longer retains its unique quality. To comfort Laura, he kisses her and then shatters her hopes and dreams by telling her he is engaged. Both Laura and the glass menagerie break upon exposure to the outside world. Laura offers Jim her broken unicorn, symbolizing her broken heart that Jim will take with him. She is unable to cope with the truth and once again retreats to her fantasy world of glass figurines and Victrola records. Laura can only live a brief moment in reality. Amanda obsesses over her past. The moment Tom or Laura worry her, she uses her Mississippi Delta childhood memories like a cooling balm. She flashes back to her days dancing at the governors ball in Jackson, Mississippi and recalls the gentlemens chivalric nature during her youth. (Ghiotto) She constantly reminds Tom and Laura about that one Sunday afternoon in Blue

Free Online Language Courses

Free Online Language Courses Want to learn a new language? The internet has a number of high-quality distance learning language courses. Best of all, many non-credit courses can be taken for free. Arabic Learn to Read Arabic (www.arabicreadingcourse.com) – â€Å"These are a few very basic learn-to-read-the-alphabet lessons.† Babel: Arabic (i-cias.com/babel/arabic/index.htm) – â€Å"From your online computer you will have lessons with sound as well as grammar lessons.† Armenian Armenipedia (www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?titleArmenian_Lessons) - This section has a free Eastern Armenian Lessons Online book, which will enable English speakers to learn Armenian at their own pace.† Chinese Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System (Chinese.rutgers.edu) – Chinese lessons from the State University of New Jersey. Chinese Tools (www.chinese-tools.com) – 40 online lessons including reading, writing, modern vocabulary, grammar, examples and exercises.† French The French Tutorial (www.frenchtutorial.com) – â€Å"The French Tutorial is a web-based step by step lesson covering basics, pronunciation, but also grammar, vocabulary and everyday French. It offers audio support for better oral comprehension, a table of contents and an index for faster searches.† French Language Course (www.jump-gate.com/languages/french/) – â€Å"The following French course is intended to allow you to understand written French (newspapers, articles, magazines, signs on the road during your next trip in France, etc.) and to write a letter to a French friend or correspondent.† Word Prof (www.wordprof.com) – â€Å"If youve ever been lost for words in a French exam or when traveling in France our interactive* web site will help you learn all the French vocabulary you need.† German German for Travelers (www.learngermanonline.org/german-for-travellers) – â€Å"Dozens of free online resources.† German for Beginners (www.deutschakademie.de/online-deutschkurs/english) – The largest free German online course. Hebrew Foundation Stone (foundationstone.com.au) - â€Å"A free and easy to use Java application for you to learn Hebrew.† Biblia Hebrew (www.bible101.org/hebrew) – â€Å"Found on this site are notes from a graduate Biblical Hebrew Level I class taught by Dr. David Wallace.† Alph-Bet (darkwing.uoregon.edu/~ylcflx/Aleph-Bet) – â€Å"The tutorials on this site are designed to reinforce vocabulary and spelling for beginning students of modern Hebrew.† Learn to Read Hebrew (www.cartoonhebrew.com) – â€Å"Fun methods based on pictures to help you to learn to read Hebrew, like yesterday!† Italian Parliamo italiano! (www.oneworlditaliano.com/english/italian/italian-course-free-online.htm) – Take the free 37 unit Italian course. The Italian Electronic Classroom (www.locuta.com/eclass.html) – â€Å"Aimed at providing free on-line, useful information on difficult aspects of the Italian language to students, teachers, translators, writers.† Japanese Free Japanese Lessons (www.freejapaneselessons.com) – â€Å"The goal of this page is to teach you the basics in a way that is, hopefully, easy to understand.† Learn Japanese (www.learn-japanese.net) – â€Å"Provides the most comprehensive Japanese lessons on the web.† Want more language learning? Take a look at the Peace Corps Language Courses Archive for lessons and audio content designed for international Peace Corps volunteers.

Wales (stateless nation) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wales (stateless nation) - Research Paper Example Wales was earlier inhabited by the Celtic Britons and it was only after the Romans withdrew from the regions of Britain sometime during the 5th century that it was freed, and thus, in today’s modern period, Wales is one of the places which is acknowledged as having a Celtic background or influence. (Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael) The first King of Wales, Gruffyd ap Llwelyn was crowned in 1507 and Edward I of England took over at the time of his death. There are a number of castles and forts which were built around Wales during the period of monarch, which have now been protected as UNESCO World Heritage sites. After heavy research it was found out that the region of Wales has had human inhabitation since the last 29,000 years dating back to even the ice age. After that, the Neolithic period also witnessed a large number of people settling around the area, which then gave way to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age with respect to Celtic cultures. A large amount of human activity has been taking place since these periods around the region of Wales with respect to maritime trade, land trade, as well as creation of machinery, tools and other such equipment. (Who Were the Celts?) The Romans invaded Wales for a period of three centuries and during the time that they were there; they set up a very good military base of their own. They founded the town of Caerwent in Wales and since Wales has very good mineral resources, they exploited these resources and gave birth to technology with the help of gold, silver, copper, bronze as well as zinc. The only language spoken at the time was Latin in Wales. The Romans tried their best to spread their culture as well as set up industrialization as far as they could, and even religion and socio-economic culture in present day Wales is seen as a reflection of whatever was set up during the Roman Empire. A large number of Roman dynasties also came into view during this time, set up mostly in

VISUAL ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VISUAL ANALYSIS - Essay Example Therefore, we can say that the target market of this classy advertisement, are mostly consumers belonging to the upper class. From the warm expression on the man’s face, and the child’s similar manner, it can be deduced that they are father and son. The presence of wedding band further strengthens this observation by showing the marital status of the man. All the minor detailing of the father’s clothing, such as his accessories, proves that he belongs from the privileged class, and the child’s clothing also speaks of wealth. From their body languages, there seems to be a presence of a relationship based on trust, respect, and fondness, between them. It seems that the father is trying to set an impressive example, and the son is looking up to him as a role model. On the whole, the advertisement with its creative text and the refined setting, is giving the message that a Patek Philippe watch increases the value of the person wearing it, and lasts generations. It is also shown that this watch can reinforce the warm and solid relationship between a father and a son. A father will buy this watch, thinking that one day he will pass it on to his son, and the son will always keep it, and cherish it, as a revered memorabilia. From the old times, watches have held special importance in the man’s heart. They are always associated with a person’s social status, personal taste, and economic prosperity. Whether it is a graduation present, gifted from a proud father to his young son, or a wedding present, given as a welcoming sign to son-in-law, watches always forge and solidify a significant bond between the giver and the receiver. When it comes to the upper class, high-end watches are associated with the social power and financial prestige. The advertisements of Rolex, TAG Heuer, Cartier, Movado etc., always either feature wealthy successful men, or shows settings that depicts a luxurious and prosperous life,

Review of Litterature on Finance and Potential Areas of Development Literature

Of Litterature on Finance and Potential Areas of Development for Further Reseaarch - Literature review Example Thus the concept of finance includes several underlying theories and understanding that make the system applicable towards the achievement of the financial goals and objectives of the business organizations or the world as a whole. The present study focuses on a literature review thereby discussing on the studies of several researchers on the topic of finance and would try to determine the potential areas of development for further research. Literature Review on Finance: The following literature review has been based on the studies conducted by several researchers as obtained from journals and different articles. These literatures have been particularly focused on the severe issue of economic and financial crisis that is capable of impacting the entire world through the phase of recession. The studies have been based on the issues of the theories discussed by the researchers and no quantitative analyses have been involved. The study has been narrowed down in the sense that irrelevant materials have not been included in the review. Since the length of the paper has been limited, hence number of sources has been considered accordingly. However the researches have been analyzed critically determining their objectives, and the strengths and weaknesses of the studies. In terms of the purpose of the study, only those researches have been included that are appropriate and relevant to the financial literatures and readers would be able to relate to the issues relevantly. A study conducted by Christian Marazzi reflects an understanding of the financial crisis and the nature of the problems considering the transformation that have been taking place over the years. Marazzi is an Italian economist who conducted an analysis of the global crisis that he considered as a new type of crisis that involved neo-liberal financial capitalism. He focused on the problems related to finance that have been mounting up over the years. Concentrating on the recent global economic crisis, h e stressed on the level of unemployment and difficulties that the world was supposed to be encountered with. He mentioned that the financial deficits were leading to insolvency crisis hampering the banking system as a whole. In this regard he criticized the easy solutions considered by reformists. (Bria, 2009, pp.388-394). Marazzi’s study can be considered to be focused and relevant to the issues and impacts of financial crisis. He has tried to related theoretical aspects with the prevailing financial status across the world. However it can also be said that the study could be tried to be more specific in determining the measures that might effectively resolve problems associated with financial crises. Similar to Marazzi’s the study conducted by Barsky and DeLong lacked the wide ranging aspects and approach to specific measures in the context of financial crises and their impacts. Barsky and DeLong in their studies discussed about the fluctuations of the stock markets. According to them, fluctuations in the stock market are reflected by the asset pricing model that considers the present-value concept in the context of the efficient markets. The fluctuations that have been visible in the US financial markets over the years have been obtained to be in consistence with

SQL to Firebase A Metamorphosis

SQL to Firebase A Metamorphosis Abstract Firebase is being extensively used in cross-platform apps for various functionalities, one of them being Realtime Databases. This paper highlights how an RDBMS based database such as MySQL can be converted to a JSON based Firebase Realtime Database for easier readability, multi-device data access and manipulation, and cloud storage for a centralized database. Although MySQL follows a schema for the data and stores information in the form of tables and relations, Firebase stores information in a JSON tree. Conversion of data from the former to the latter depends on how the application queries the database. The paper covers the three basic queries Insertion, Retrieval and Deletion of data. Keywords-Firebase; JSON Objects; MySQL; Realtime Database; With the app market booming and proving to be lucrative, many products and platforms are being launched to make the process of developing and maintaining these apps simple. Firebase, which is one such example, is a cloud based platform for mobile and web application development. It provides backend as a service [1] that includes analytics, real time database, remote configuration for apps, push notifications, multiple authentication types, hosting platform and Admob-which allows developers to monetize their apps by displaying advertisements to name a few. Notably, Firebase is expanding to become a unified app platform for android and iOS. Firebase allows developers to build high quality apps and mix and match the features available to meet their requirements. It is owned by Google and a host of new features were introduced recently in May 2016. [2] The real-time database (a NoSQL database) provided by Firebase is what forms the basis of this paper. Data is stored as JSON (Java Script Object Notation) objects and synchronized in real time to every connected client and remains available even when the app goes offline. [3] It is designed in such a way that only operations that can be executed quickly are allowed which enables a great real time experience. The firebase storage is built for app developers who need to store and serve user generated content, and is backed up by google cloud storage, a powerful, simple and cost effective object storage service. We now turn to relational databases, arguably the most popular kind of database, even today. Data is stored in tables (combination of rows and columns). The concept of schemas is implemented in relational databases. [4] Schema is the blueprint that defines how data is organized. SQL databases are strict to ensure integrity but lack flexibility. It can be difficult when initially developing because one might be unaware of the schema. Once the schema is decided, the developer needs to code accordingly. This can be tedious as designers are strictly bound by the schema. A NoSQL database, like the firebase database is schema-less which in turn provides a lot of flexibility. In summary, relational databases are inflexible but they provide data integrity whereas NoSQL databases are flexible but the data integrity is left to the developer. The Firebase database stores data in the form of a tree. The root node can be compared to the database in case of RDBMS. The root node can have multiple child nodes as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Structure of a Firebase Database The child nodes in turn can have multiple child nodes and so on. Data, as mentioned before is stored as a key value pair. To access a value, this tree needs to be traversed. [5] Neelima Kuderu in her paper proposed Schema-Migration and Mapping Framework to support developers for automatically migrating relational databases to NoSQL while preserving the semantics of the original database [6]A B M Moniruzzaman in his paper provides classification, characteristics and evaluation of NoSQL databases in Big Data Analytics. The study also provides an independent understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of various NoSQL database approaches to supporting applications that process huge volumes of data; as well as to provide a global overview of this non-relational NoSQL databases. [7]Siim Plangi describes what Backend as a Service is, its advantages, disadvantages. Analysis of one such platform was performed with respect to an Android application and it is concluded that using such platforms is a great way to reduce development time and resources. [8]Ryan Thompson in his paper attempts to determine the sustainability of cloud storage We also get an overview of ev olution of cloud storage moving into the future, and attempt to determine whether integrations into cloud storage can be relied upon to transport vital information.ÂÂ   [9]Navdeep Singh in his paper introduces everyone with Google firebase API and its features. [10]Mital Potey in his paper discusses the study revealing that database management becomes considerably scalable, flexible and efficient when traditional relational databases are complimented by a specifically designed set of alternative databases such as NoSQL, NewSQL based systems. [11]Keith W. HareKeith W. Hare in his paper reviews the features common to the NoSQL databases and compares those features to the features and capabilities of SQL databases. [12] This section highlights the characteristics of Firebase that are not existent in MySQL. Real-time Multi-user Access The application is designed such that multiple people are able to access a centralized database simultaneously. The challenges that arise with maintaining a consistent state are taken care of. There are protocols in place in the event of a conflict. Rollback functions are implicitly called in the event of connection loss or drop to the database. [13] B. Cloud Access Data in all of its forms such as text and images are capable of being stored on the cloud. Since the cloud is the point of access, the database is readily available everywhere, provided the user has the right permissions. In the event that the application is offline, the last synchronized copy of the database is used by the application, hence aiding responsiveness. Once access is regained, the database synchronizes again with the main online database. Cross-Platform API Firebase can be integrated into various platforms that the application is built upon. Hence if one user records in the database, the updates are conveyed to all other uses, be those users are on an iOS, Website or Android platform. The APIs are bundled onto a single SDK hence the enabling the developer to focus less on the infrastructure and more on the customers needs. [14] Online Storage Firebase takes care of storage hence the data is hosted by them. This saves the developer from high investments on hardware for storage and the physical space occupied by it. In some scenarios, this is a vulnerability since the user does not have real custody over the data stored online. In most data-insensitive cases, this fact is overlooked by the user. Firebase, like any other form of service has its fair share of shortcomings. Various application developers have spoken out elucidating the specific issues they have faced while incorporating it. Here are a few common complications: A. High pricing with scalability Firebase charges a fee for the services it provides based on the number of simultaneous connections, size of the data stored, bandwidth per month and automatic backups [15]. Free of charge services are limited up to fifty connections and a hundred megabytes of storage. B. You dont own your data The data that is stored on the database is not owned by you. The bane being that actions such as exporting of the complete database cannot be performed by the user alone. Although this is possible by contacting the Firebase team to do it for you. [16] The boon is highlighted in section III (D). C. Relations are proven to be tedious Due to the structure of Firebase Realtime-Database, formation of relations has proven to be a nightmare to most developers. This is evident and problematic only when the amount of data is scaled multi-folds. Despite all these limitations, Firebase continues to be used extensively to build Minimum Viable Products (MVPs) and first working prototypes at Hackathons and large scale integration by major application enterprises. The section provides an insight as to the conversion of SQL queries to Firebase code. Since Firebase is a multi-platform supported tool, the code is expressed in terms of the logic and algorithm for easy transitioning into the respective programming languages. A. Data Insertion In MySQL, an entry into the database1 takes place with a query such as: -> INSERT into EMPLOYEES -> (UID, Name, Department, Salary) -> VALUES -> (25412, Ajay Patel, Marketing, 45000); Figure 2: A single entry into a SQL Database This exact tuple can be represented in Firebase by administering the following algorithm: An instance of the database is retrieved by first initializing an object of the Database reference. The instance stores a location (usually in the form of a URL pointing to the online reference of the Database) returned by methods of a Firebase object. Now an instance is required to reference the immediate child of the database. Another object of the Database Reference is initialized to the location of the child. The child is uniquely identified by the name (key)given to it. In this case, the first immediate child is the table we are querying, i.e.- Employees. The location is returned by the method of the instance created to reference the database earlier. Once an instance of the table is created and initialized, multiple instances are required to query the attributes of this table. One reference each is initialized using the name to identify each attribute of the child. The location of each of them is returned by the method of the instance created in step 2 for the table we are querying. Finally, each of these references are used to set the desired value required by the user. A methodunder each of these references are called and the desired value is passed as a parameter to the method. A visual representation of the Firebase structure in figure 3 is a tree with Employees as the parent that represent the table and the tuple as a child with the unique reference (in this case, the value 25412). UID is a primary key constraint in the MySQL database. Along the same lines, Firebase uses a key value (in this case UID = 25412) to uniquely identify a child of the parent Employees. As depicted, MySQL stores the data in the form of rows and columns, whereas Firebase employs a JSON tree format. Figure 3: Firebase representation of a single entry. In the case of multiple entries, MySQL uses the query aforementioned, multiple times to enter the data. The resulting table is shown in figure 4. Each call counts to a single tuple containing the information required to query it. Figure 4: Multiple tuples in a MySQL Database Similarly, multiple children are entered into the Firebase database one tuple at a time. Each tuple is encapsulated in the form of a single JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) object.ÂÂ   This is similar to the insertion query in MySQL except the tuple is a single object passed to the database reference. Conversion of tuple data to a JSON object is done using a concept in OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System) called POJO (Plain Old Java Object) class [17]. The data is passed to the getter methods of the object created for that class, each of which is defined for the attributes. Once the values of the object are set, the object is passed to the reference defined earlier and the database is updated. Note that each object holds only the attributes of a single tuple. Figure 5: Multiple children in Firebase Structure. B. Data Retrieval In MySQL, data can be retrieved using the select statement. Constraints can be defined in the statement to show only a certain tuple(s). The following query displays an output as shown in Figure 6. ->SELECT * from EMPLOYEES WHERE UID=32121; Figure 6: Retrieval of a tuple based on condition in MySQL. Firebase provides the functionality of triggering a certain list of methods that notifies the application when data is modified. The method used for this feature takes the location of the child to be monitored and is termed as a listener. The sequence of data retrieval is as follows: The listener is defined from the Firebase reference created previously. The listener has various methods available that enable the developer to employ them for other functionalities. Under the method that is implicitly called whenever a child is added, one of the parameters is the data snapshot that is downloaded from the cloud. Using this data snapshot, the children are identified using their unique IDs and subsequently stored onto variables such as Strings and Integer values. Figure 7: Retrieval of child node with UID = 32121. C. Data Deletion MySQL makes use of DELETE FROM along with a where clause to determine the entry to be deleted. The following query results in a database as depicted in Figure 8. ->DELETE FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE UID=63212; Figure 8: Resultant database after the query is performed. The equivalent of the function in Firebase is as follows. The Firebase reference of the child that needs to be deleted is determined beforehand by identity of the unique ID. Using this reference, a method used to delete the complete child and its reference is called. All the attributes and children under this reference are removed. Figure 9: Firebase database after the entry is deleted. Firebase continues to be the leading BaaS for cross-platform applications that require a real-time database hosted on the cloud. Features and updates are continuously being introduced by Google to overcome the few flaws exhibited by it. Applications built on relational databases that are looking to move to the cloud now have the ability to do so. Firebase has a growing support on various mobile platforms such as iOS and JavaScript based web applications. According to the official Google Blog [18], a few of the future goals of the platform include- lower and simpler pricing, Android and iOS SDKs (Software Development Kits) receive constant offline support and a much-improved UI (User Interface). Overall, Firebase will hopefully continue to provide developers with the tools and support required to radically change how app development is done. Acknowledgment (Heading 5) We would firstly like to thank Prof. H D Phaneendra, Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NIE, Mysore for giving us support and opportunity to work on this paper. We would also like to thank Prof. M.J. Yogesh, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NIE for his vital insights and guidance. We also extend our warm regards to all the faculty members of the department for their constant encouragement and invaluable advice.

Cree Indians :: essays papers

Cree Indians This is an introduction to the Cree Indians way of life explaining about the foods they ate, significance of story telling, myths, religious beliefs, rituals performed, and their present day way of life. It is almost impossible to touch on every aspect because of what is not printed and only known by elders. Some native words used by Cree Indians: Kiwetin meaning the north wind that brings misfortune (Gill, Sullivan 158). Another word is maskwa used for bear, the most intelligent and spiritually powerful land animal (Gill, Sullivan 182). A water lynx that holds control over lakes and rivers is called â€Å"Michi-Pichoux†; they are associated with unexplained deaths (Gill, Sullivan 189). Tipiskawipisim is used for the moon who is the sister of the sun. Once a flood destroys the first humans, Tipiskawipisim creates the first female (Gill, Sullivan 303). The history of the Cree Indians begins where they live for the most part in Canada, and some share reservations with other tribes in North Dakota. The Cree Indians, an Alogonquian tribe sometimes called Knisteneau, were essentially forest people, though an offshoot, the so-called Plains Cree, were buffalo hunters. The Cree’s first encounter with white people was in 1640, the French Jesuits. The Cree Indians later lost many of their tribe in the 1776 break out of small pox, battles with the Sioux, and a defeat to the Blackfeet in 1870. The Cree lived by hunting, fishing, trapping, and using muskrat as one of their staples. They made sacrifices to the sun; the Great Master of Life (Erdoes, Ortiz 504). The Cree lived in the Northern Plains, which was also home to the Sarsi, Blackfoot, Plains Ojibway, and Assiniboin. Many of the tribes were equestrian bands moving to pursue the buffalo. The buffalo was their resource for food, material for dwellings, clothing, cooking vessels, rawhide cases, and bone and horn implements. The introduction of the horse by the Spanish led to the plains Indians to become more able and skillful hunters. Each tribe had different methods of hunting, preservation, and preparation of meat (Cox, Jacobs 98). One method of the nomadic plains tribes for cooking was to use rawhide cooking vessels which came from the hump of the buffalo, staked over a mound of earth and left to dry in the shape of a bowl. The pot was put in a shallow hole near the fire, and then carefully selected stones that would not shatter easily would be put in the fire and transferred to the bowl with wood or bone tongs to heat the contents of the pot. Cree Indians :: essays papers Cree Indians This is an introduction to the Cree Indians way of life explaining about the foods they ate, significance of story telling, myths, religious beliefs, rituals performed, and their present day way of life. It is almost impossible to touch on every aspect because of what is not printed and only known by elders. Some native words used by Cree Indians: Kiwetin meaning the north wind that brings misfortune (Gill, Sullivan 158). Another word is maskwa used for bear, the most intelligent and spiritually powerful land animal (Gill, Sullivan 182). A water lynx that holds control over lakes and rivers is called â€Å"Michi-Pichoux†; they are associated with unexplained deaths (Gill, Sullivan 189). Tipiskawipisim is used for the moon who is the sister of the sun. Once a flood destroys the first humans, Tipiskawipisim creates the first female (Gill, Sullivan 303). The history of the Cree Indians begins where they live for the most part in Canada, and some share reservations with other tribes in North Dakota. The Cree Indians, an Alogonquian tribe sometimes called Knisteneau, were essentially forest people, though an offshoot, the so-called Plains Cree, were buffalo hunters. The Cree’s first encounter with white people was in 1640, the French Jesuits. The Cree Indians later lost many of their tribe in the 1776 break out of small pox, battles with the Sioux, and a defeat to the Blackfeet in 1870. The Cree lived by hunting, fishing, trapping, and using muskrat as one of their staples. They made sacrifices to the sun; the Great Master of Life (Erdoes, Ortiz 504). The Cree lived in the Northern Plains, which was also home to the Sarsi, Blackfoot, Plains Ojibway, and Assiniboin. Many of the tribes were equestrian bands moving to pursue the buffalo. The buffalo was their resource for food, material for dwellings, clothing, cooking vessels, rawhide cases, and bone and horn implements. The introduction of the horse by the Spanish led to the plains Indians to become more able and skillful hunters. Each tribe had different methods of hunting, preservation, and preparation of meat (Cox, Jacobs 98). One method of the nomadic plains tribes for cooking was to use rawhide cooking vessels which came from the hump of the buffalo, staked over a mound of earth and left to dry in the shape of a bowl. The pot was put in a shallow hole near the fire, and then carefully selected stones that would not shatter easily would be put in the fire and transferred to the bowl with wood or bone tongs to heat the contents of the pot.

The Last Remnants of Grizzly Bears

With all the new and advanced technology that is accessible today, who has time to enjoy or care about the great outdoors? Unfortunately, much of the wilderness and the animals within it are gradually fading away. There are many animals that have already been extinct and many more will soon be put on the list of extinction. In the second issue of Target Earth, Tim Stevens found in 1975, the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, under the Endangered Species Act. Stevens also stated, Today, the grizzly bear hangs on in the last remnants of wild places left in the U. S. –places like the Greater Yellowstone, Glacier Park, and Shelkirk Mountains of Northern Idaho. The survival of the grizzly bear depends on several factors such as: amount of food they need and amount of space they need to live. Grizzly bears have tremendous food requirements in order to survive–adult females average 300 pounds, and males around 450 pounds, stated Stevens. Furthermore, grizzly bears are opportunistic feeders thriving on roots, berries, pine nuts, insects, herbaceous vegetation, fish, small mammals, and occasionally wild ungulates and their young. With grizzly bears wide variety of provisions, they need a large area to sustain themselves. Stevens stated, a male grizzly bear will use up to a 500 square mile â€Å"home range† throughout its life. Glover and Johnson stated, a female grizzly bear will use up 11-490 square miles throughout its life. Being that the grizzly bear is a wide-ranging, slow breeding species, and as such, are very good indicators of the overall health of the ecosystems they depend upon. If the habitat is in good shape, one could assume the bear is doing rather well(Stevens, Target Earth). However, conservation biologist states, none of the current grizzly populations is large enough to sustain itself over time. Aldo Leoplod states, the most feasible way to enlarge the area available for wilderness fauna is for the wilder parts of the National Forests, which usually surround the Parks, to function as parks in respect of threatened species. Leopold goes on to state, they have not so functioned is tragically illustrated in the case of the grizzly bear. The Greater Yellowstone is isolated from other wildland ecosystems. These populations become vulnerable to inbreeding and other genetic problems, it is critical to have these grizzly bear ecosystems connected by â€Å"linkages† or â€Å"biological corridors. † Ecosystems are much larger than the designated national parks within them. At the core of the Greater Yellowstone National Park, which is 2. 2 million acres. The ecosystem is 18 million acres and includes 7 national forests, wilderness areas, national wildlife refuges and Bureau of Land Management land. Bears are not only dependent upon the National Park â€Å"core,† but also upon the surrounding lands. Scientists have long recognized that these species are dependent upon the health of the entire ecosystem(Stevens, Target Earth). The grizzly bears habitat is slowly diminishing. The Northeast part of Greater Yellowstone provides a good example of the overall cumulative effects that many activities can have on an area. This area has been one of the best and most productive regions for grizzly bears. However, the U. S. Forest Service has been steadily logging and roading many of the last non-wilderness public lands in the region. For example, in one area called the Sunlight Basin, nearly, 4,500 acres of trees have been harvested since 1986. All of this timber was in grizzly habitat. Unfortunately, more timber sales are planned for this are in the future(Stevens, Target Earth).. In addition, on our national forest lands, logging and mining companies and willing federal agencies continue the steady drumbeat of resource extraction. Logging, road building and other developments have begun to invade and alter these landscapes, reducing their ability to support grizzly bears in two critical ways: first, transforming large expanses of land into smaller patches that will be isolated from each other. If the remaining patches become separated by too great a distance, populations of grizzly bears will inevitably decline and may disappear altogether. Second, development brings humans in to the habitat of bears, which inevitably leads to more disturbance and illegal bear kills. It is this kind of scenario that is typical of the remaining 2% of grizzly habitat in the United States(Stevens, Target Earth). Furthermore, when we protect habitat for the grizzly bear, we are also protecting other non-game species, clean water, big game habitat and places for people to experience the wonder of creation. Protecting the last 2%of grizzly bear habitat in the lower 48 states is a delicate balancing act. In the 20 years since the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, habitat critical to its survival has been steadily eroded, through clear-cutting, excessive forest road building, oil and gas drilling and private development. Stevens states, proper balance and conservation of grizzly habitat is the key to the bears future. The grizzly bear is one of Yellowstone's most popular attractions. It is a symbol of the rugged west. At one time, populations were thought to be between 50,000 and 100,000 bears in the 1800s in North America. However, by 1900, only a few bears remained in scattered areas. In 1975, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed less than 1,000 bears remained. Today, biologist report 280-610 grizzlies inhabit the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. This estimate comes from a study team of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee(Glover and Johnson). Today, there are many organizations and efforts to preserve the grizzly bears for the generations to come. One such organization is the Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project. This project was initiated in 1994 to address the urgent need for scientific information about the cumulative effect of human development and activities on grizzly bears in this area. The ESGBP actively promotes the application of this information in management and conservation contexts. One of the objectives of the ESGBP is to focus on research efforts on the cumulative effects of regional land use and mortality factors on grizzly bears. Another objective is to contribute to the conservation of grizzly bear populations and their habitat in the Central Rockies Ecosystems and especially the eastern Slopes(Canadianrockies). If a plan is not devised to help promote and preserve the wildlife of the grizzly bears, it may not be long before they are taken off the Endangered Species list and placed on the extinction list. Author Edward Abbey stated, â€Å"It is my fear that if we allow the freedom of the hills and the last of the grizzly to be taken away from us, then the very idea of freedom may die with it†. And, â€Å"We must not allow our national parks and national forests to be degraded to the status of mere playgrounds†. Grizzly bears obviously need a large space for survival being their provisions range from a wide variety of nuts and berries. Also, the adult females only produce every three years due to the fact their young stay with them for two years. This is one reason why grizzly bears do not reproduce rapidly. Grizzly bears are the second slowest reproducing land mammal in North America. By keeping the grizzly bear from becoming extinct, it protects many other animals from becoming extinct as well.

No limit on immigrants essays

No limit on immigrants essays If the freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter. ¡ George Washington said these true and wise words at the time America was born. Carefully, our great American heroes of the past planned out the details of our nation that we now live in. The freedom of speech, as Washington mentioned, is one of the most important freedoms that we, as Americans, take pride in. Without it, we would not have the opportunities we have today to speak our minds. However, not all countries give its citizens these kinds of rights. I believe that the U.S. shouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t limit the number of immigrants coming to America because the immigrants ¡Ã‚ ¯ descendents would have better lives, more contributions could be made, and the immigrants could benefit from the freedom and equality that exists in America. Immigrants coming to the U.S. have one desire in their hearts. They want their children and future generations of their family to have a better childhood than they did. When my parents emigrated from China in 1996, they could hardly believe that they saw children outdoors, playing football and going to movies in America, while on the other side of the world, Chinese kids were staying up until midnight, studying for high school entrance exams. In the current Chinese school system, few straight-A students go to high school, and even fewer attend college. Often, when I come home, complaining about too much schoolwork, my parents tease me. But deep down, I can feel that they are truly glad that I can enjoy my childhood. My parents are proud that I can participate in sports and extracurricular activities as well as academics here in America. Many immigrants coming to the United States may be able to contribute to the country. Taking their cultures and adding onto America ¡Ã‚ ¯s, the U.S. will have a better grasp of what living in other parts of the world is like. Many current leaders of our country have...

Free Essays on An Inspector Calls

â€Å"An Inspector Calls† was written in 1945, in just one week, by Bradford born writer, John Boynton Priestley. In his life, he wrote over one hundred novels, plays and essays. In July 1941 Priestley and other members of a committee established the socialist common wealth party. He was very interested and involved with politics but had a large amount of trouble getting along with the policies of any one party. He also made an unsuccessful attempt to stand as independent candidate for parliament in 1944. Priestley travelled through the extremely poor parts of Britain, which gave the inspirations for his novels and plays. His inspirations helped him think through his political ideas and change them. Most of his plays were about middle class people because the audiences who watched and read them were generally middle class people so they could relate to the characters easily. He wanted all his characters to be as real as possible so he gave them a social background that would t he recognised. He had the great gift of being able to write quickly and never having to correct his first drafts. All his writings contained important elements of time, which suggests that there are moments in out lives when we make decisions that, could lead towards disaster or success. During the second world war Priestley wrote fourteen books and broadcast a radio programme called â€Å"Postscripts†, which was listened to every Sunday evening, but due to his unfortunate habit of criticising the government and discussing what he thought was wrong with the society they lived in, the BBC reckoned with the idea of stopping the programme and after a year the programme was stopped. After studying one of Priestley’s most famous plays, An Inspector Calls, I am going to see how the dramatic qualities of act three shape the audience response and how they communicate Priestley’s message, which was, â€Å" We do not exist solely as individuals but as part of an... Free Essays on An Inspector Calls Free Essays on An Inspector Calls â€Å"An Inspector Calls† was written in 1945, in just one week, by Bradford born writer, John Boynton Priestley. In his life, he wrote over one hundred novels, plays and essays. In July 1941 Priestley and other members of a committee established the socialist common wealth party. He was very interested and involved with politics but had a large amount of trouble getting along with the policies of any one party. He also made an unsuccessful attempt to stand as independent candidate for parliament in 1944. Priestley travelled through the extremely poor parts of Britain, which gave the inspirations for his novels and plays. His inspirations helped him think through his political ideas and change them. Most of his plays were about middle class people because the audiences who watched and read them were generally middle class people so they could relate to the characters easily. He wanted all his characters to be as real as possible so he gave them a social background that would t he recognised. He had the great gift of being able to write quickly and never having to correct his first drafts. All his writings contained important elements of time, which suggests that there are moments in out lives when we make decisions that, could lead towards disaster or success. During the second world war Priestley wrote fourteen books and broadcast a radio programme called â€Å"Postscripts†, which was listened to every Sunday evening, but due to his unfortunate habit of criticising the government and discussing what he thought was wrong with the society they lived in, the BBC reckoned with the idea of stopping the programme and after a year the programme was stopped. After studying one of Priestley’s most famous plays, An Inspector Calls, I am going to see how the dramatic qualities of act three shape the audience response and how they communicate Priestley’s message, which was, â€Å" We do not exist solely as individuals but as part of an...

Marketing Management Class Discussion wk6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Management Class Discussion wk6 - Essay Example The other partner is viewed as an outsider and will have to spend more if they are to operate in the market. However, these disputes can be resolved by conciliation between the business partners or an agreement between the countries so that they provide favorable trading terms to the affected parties. Nevertheless, there must be a mutual agreement between the two nations if investments are to increase in the future. By an outsider partnering a local company, they increase the level of investment and improve productivity of the country. This investment creates more jobs to the population and helps the economy to grow (Cravens, & Piercy, 2008). Hence, the host nation will benefit more even if it is indirectly. Thus, they should provide the other partner with equal rights so that they share costs and profits equally. They will be motivated and increase their bilateral ties that are beneficial in the

Beyond Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Beyond Budgeting - Essay Example Traditional budgeting is no longer valid in the emerging information age that is why hospitality industry needs to move ‘beyond budgeting.’ This is an alternative management model that promotes flexibility, devolution, and value maximization. This suggestion is supported by empirical investigation of hospitality budgeting mostly in the United Kingdom and United States. It is believed that Beyond Budgeting fits the progressive N-form organizational structure wherein full potential of the organization and the people are being liberated. Nowadays, most organizations are facing considerable barriers in managing their performance capabilities particularly in the areas of budgeting. Hospitality industry is one of those industries that desperately need to experience a new management structure and performance budgeting system in the emerging information age. Traditional budgeting model is said to be universally disliked because the concept is expensive, it takes too long to respond, and a minimized value. Shareholders as well as customers are pressuring the industry to consider an alternative management model that is designed to eliminate conflicts in the organization as well as the reduction of costs and bureaucracy. Aside from being cost effective and strategic, the new management model must also coincide with the business goals of the twenty-first century. This vision is a great challenge to every organization because it requires â€Å"a new set of management process and new style of leadership...a new coherence amon g these management process and leadership principles to liberate full potential of the organization and its people† (Hope & Fraser, 2003, p.17). Beyond Budgeting is the model that has a capacity to manage performance and at the same time control the organization without budgets. However, the success of this concept is still doubtful to many organizations considering that