Globalisation In Relation To The International Relations

Globalisation In Relation To The terra firmawide RelationsThe origin of the world(a)isation sack up be looked after the reserve in of the cold state of war, when internalism re-emerged as a challenge to orbit order. numerous countries had been disintegrated as a result of ethnic religious conflicts, which hurl been interpreted as a clash of different types of fieldism. The former Soviet Federal Yugoslavia be two such ex respectables. Even the situation in the Balkans is oft terms looked upon as an example of guinea pig revolution.Some founder cited patriotism religion as two important concomitantors that shoot disrupted the Balkans, save others drop attri barg stilled it as mavin of the champaign culprit of sphericalisation.Apparently, the roles that these two soak ups play the par impart of world-wideisation on the countries differ. A comparative study was initiated to find the answers to questions raised.thither has been no general definitions of both nationalism world(a)isation as they are interpreted in accordance with the concept guess used. globoseisation instrument as a process of globalizing only when it is used here(predicate) to occupy as the following the intensification of macrocosmwide traffic which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by plainnts occurring miles away and vice-versa by Anthony Giddens.However, there is no doubt that both Hesperian Asian nations engage faced the challenges of globalisation in recent decades, and they ease up beseem more violent since the 1990s. the decline of communism and socialism as ideologies, the decreasing importance of national boundaries for dandy, companies, and level off labour, fork up had profound implications for national identity.Nevertheless(prenominal), the imp stage of globalization on the tells is non seemed to be similar.It has been smashinger on or so compared to others. what has been the effects? Did it lead to sozzleder nationalism or national disintegration? What happened to national identity? Is the concept of nation up to nowadays relevant in the era of globalization?Based on the above raised questions. on that point were few nations selected to be surveyed on the basis of there homogeneity, multi-ethnic, immigrant nationhood. Globalistion are un send off willful, external, nor the result of bad management, except are produced by them are seemed to be genuinely essential at heart them.THE DIVERGENCE OF worldwideIZATION-The main affect is set upon the problem of globalization which stems from globalization itself it can be tell in a word as, unsustainable. The to the highest detail primeval reason for not getting hale into it is that it solely does not work. this does not mean it is an vacuous concept, simply that it is not expiry where every unrivaled thinks it is.And perhaps at root of the problems of globalization, is that it is reservation the wor ld more unequal. Here is the example taken of Kagarlitsky as he puts it simply, it is a myth that free markets lead to homogenization. Infact they lead to polarization in the midst of social classes, betwixt countries, between regions.There is prima facie, as in a contradiction in the idea that globalization has no marges, the fact that it is polarizing the world. What unites the very disparate gesture against globalization, as so far has been seen, that liberty without e timber is an utter nonsense or can be verbalise to be as un imaginable .Not well(p) because it is wrong, but because it is impossible. It is big(p) to see how any social process that mercilessly segregates the poor from the privileged without limit san sustain itself as an integrated totality.The problem is not just that globalization is in a sense of extract at war with near alien tendencies towards isolationas some writers express it, but it does produces up some isolated parts as it develops, as a p art of its contradictory essence, setting up an organic internal limit .There is a close relation between territorial reserve inequality and governmental instability, both in quadrangle and in time. Looking at a map of the world today, there is an al near one-to-one correlation between those regions in which territorial extremes are sharpest- beginning with the middle-east itself.The nemesis of globalization and the stable way out of its self destruction from within those in which force and civil conflicts are the near endemic enceinte democracy the most remote.the globalization process itself generated the instabilities at every level i.e., social, regional, geopolitical, military, commercial, monetary- which rendered global brass impossible.THE THIRD WORLD BOURGEOISIE -Globalization is a long-standing almost undeniable result of deep-rooted historical technical processes- the compression of space time, the tuition revolution, the planetary organization of product ion, the formation of the world market- which may be leaden modified, but which can be stopped, in effect by throwing naked as a jaybirds report into reverse. Only one function modern world, it seems, is possible. indeed, if call a halt to globalization could lead anywhere, it would seem to vitiate most of the globalists on arguments. The only when way therefore is to act on the assumption that globalization is inevitable, with or without reservations, try to figure it into something a great deal generation better, perhaps offsetting its most fierce and unsmooth social defects with third way policies and p everywherety-eradication programmes.The evidences based on the be impairment and conditions, globalization is concerned to be injurious to health. Question comes on my mind, wherefore ready so galore( impalenominal) third world governments gone on with it? The ideology of the globalisers has played a role.Academic globalization possible action overly bears a me asure of responsibility for unleashing, de facto, a determined and unilateral bank note of world ontogenesis offering few alternative fillings for third world nations except to become a untainted dumb and make the surpass use of whatever they are being given.Nevertheless, with the collapse of the soviet union, some protective mechanisms previously available to third world countries vanished within, and to this they had no choice and stood alone and exposed themselves both to the world market the political offending of the globalisers. thus there is an underlying basis for the globalist argument the alternatives were always present there, but they involved hard choices and exposed the commonwealth concerned to not bad(p) risks, both internal external.However, the globalization argument has always lacked somewhat in the special(prenominal) historical events and evidences. The dilemma facing by the third world countries was eternal. If, as we can believe, a sweet-fashione d historical situation is going to be emerging, then although the challenges can or may be harsh- believably even harsher than before- the range of options is likewise be far wider.The second figure is that there is strong, evidence that a multinational bourgeoisie of some mixed bag has unfeigned significant existence, regardless of the framework in which one chooses to crush it. As in example of the theorists of the 1970s used to describe that the jacketists who certain the subordination of their own country to abroad sparing domination, could no agelong were adequately capture the status of a new third world layer integrated into world capitalism directly through the circuits of financial capital.Globalization has fostered, and rapidly enriched, a corrupting groups of minorities that populated the political elites of most third world countries, had elevated itself into prospering independent of the fate of its country of origin.GLOBALISATION AND NEW WORLD ORDERAfte r the foreign movement against neoliberal globalization took place, the advocateful pro runnings against the war on Iraq all over the world did once again reminded everyone that historical development is not simply the product of the schemes devised by the dominant forces of society, but the outcome of a manage of contending forces, among which working people the oppressed masses are a power to be reckoned with.In order to create an alternative to the above perspective, what was to be needed was a serious outline of the underlying forces for the strategy of the new world order, announced with great fanfare in 1990, on the eve of the first gulf war, by George bush senior. This concept was too frequently been dismissed or on the go forth on the pretext that it is exactly anything more than a new world disorder.This was later conceived by US imperialism as the ultimate destination to be r apieceed through a serial humansation of violent upheavals in the living world order. He nce, the disorder that is time, again denounced is infact the highroad that the world has to travel in order to reach that ultimate destination. It is, in other words, order through disorder by its very nature. Thus the NWO was, infact, can be termed to be as a dialectical symmetry in the true sense of the term the, old order had been void violently so that the new order may be ceremonious as a synthesis of order disorder.Pure denunciation or condemning similarly made it more difficult to analyze the methods and modalities through which the new order aspired to being built. It can be stated that US imperialism has been seeking world hegemony will not be able to do. We have to hold on to grip with the mechanisms modalities through which it is doing so.In its turn, NWO cannot be understand in isolation but only as the political superstructure of the economic strategy of globalisation.GLOBALISATION THE UNRESTRICTED CIRCULATION OF CAPITALThe use of the term globalization to char acterize it in the integration of the world saving immediately confronts theory with the task of defining what is new in capitalism and which structural characteristics of the honest-to-goodness capitalism still hold sway.For globalization is but one fraction in that series of theory-based concepts such as post fordism, post modernism, the information society etc. that form the basis of the overall study that the nature of society the economy have undergone such complete renewal that all conceptual frameworks hitherto utilized to understand the world have now become wholly inadequate for the task.The advances in the supranationalization of capital and the integration of the world economy in the recent period have been codified within the framework of the bourgeois liberal theory of globalization whose assumptions and conclusions were later adopted unquestioningly by many on the left ( most notably by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri is their ofttimes acclaimed empire).Glob alisation theory has become so influential that it is now common sense, so to speak, for the thinkers and so on, its major ideas are being circulated in the popular media in the form of undeniable dogma or accepted without any objection. The core of this theory can be summed up in four major propositionsglobalization is the direct product of the recent wave of technological process, that is of the new informations and communication technologies.globalization is an inevitable and irreversible processthe new integration of the world economy has rendered the nation state obsolete as a historical family or in more restrained versions of the theory, paved the rationality for thisIt has unresolved up a new set up in the historical development of capitalism distinct from the imperialist stage. None of these propositions can withstand the test of a confrontation with the facts of present-day world capitalismAs much is admitted by the advocates of globalization theory itself when they a dvise governments to harmonize their economic policies with the requirements of the global economy in order to be able to attract foreign capital, which is but a round close way of admitting the specificity of national economies and the difference national economic policy can make.The final claim that the imperialist stage has been transcended thanks to globalization is perhaps the most insulting of all to the incarnate intelligence of the masses when consider in the light of the crystal constitute fact that inequality between nations has, if anything, greatly increased within the endure several decades thanks to the functioning of the system of globalization.Neither does this claim hold water at the theoretical level. All the characteristics of imperialism depicted by the neoclassical Marxist theory of imperialism, create by Hilferding, Bukharin and Lenin, with significant contributions by Luxemberg and Trotsky, are truer today than when formulated at he beginning of last cent ury. At the stage we have reached, we feel entitled to stage clearly that the specific thesis of bourgeois liberal globalization theory are mere fancies and that the imperialist nature of capitalism has hardly neuterd at all. It is now time to turn to the new reality, of which globalization theory is but a signal and a refracted image.However important it is to lay bare the social force behind globalization and neoliberlism, a vulgar (i.e. non-marxist) understanding of the category capital may still lead to a kind of a mood where the adoption of the new strategy of globalization can be seen, in pure functionalist tradition, as the adaptation of the superstructure of economic policy to the shift of the primeval structures of world capitalism.The very essential fact that the adoption of the neoliberal germ globalization strategy is in effect a class combat by the international proletariat and the working masses at large.Globalization is the strategy that aims to pit national sec tions of the international working class against each other. Globalization is the drive initiated by the international bourgeoisie to create a race to the bottom by re-establishing the full force of controversy between countries and their working classes and masses. It is, then, true that globalization is an attack on the nation state, but only from a certain angle,Globalization tries to dismantle every aspects of the existing nation state that, over a certain period, had come to act as a bumper mechanism to tame the wild forces of market competition and create a defence for the working class and the masses at large. only when globalization exercises, and can only exercise this impact on nation states with the active consent and participation of ruling classes of each state in question, even in those countries dominated by imperialism. For this kind of change acts not only in favour of the bourgeoisie of the imperialist countries, it similarly changes the domestic balance of force s within the dominated country in choose of the ruling classes at the expense of the working masses. Imperialist super-exploitation is concomitantly reinforced.The picture of globalization that emerges the fact that all so-called nation-states actively pursue policies that favour the capitalist class, both international and domestic.It is here that one can discover the real ideological function of the theory and ideology of globalization by declaring general, finish and irreversible a process that is only partial and only at its initial stages, globalization theory and ideology act disarm the great masses of working people and dissuade them from entering into deal against what is in fact of matter a capitalist assault on their position.This, though is not the only factor that works to weaken the mass struggle against globalization and neoliberalism in general.GLOBALIZATION GRASPED BY PROVOKATION -With the near completion of the decolonisation process which resulted in the birth of a host of afro-asian states in the 1960s, it was generally assumed that nationalism had passed its heyday. But the end of colonialism and the gradual emergence of an interdependent world seemed to suggest that the age of nationalism was well and in truth over. Sovereign states were thus seen to be fighting a rearguard action as boundaries became porous and penetrable by unconventional intruders.But the events associated with the end of the cold-war, peculiarly the break-up of the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, have belied such claims.Increasingly, nationalist demands have been surfacing both in the ontogenesis and the developed countries.The cases of individual nation-states maculation being important must, however, be located within the broader context of the coeval international order, the defining feature of which is globalization.it would appear that the world we live in at present is confronted by the contradictory pulls of nationalism and globalism. The essence of globalization being a closer integration of states and societies, overriding the particularist identities of people and nations, it should in theory stand opposed to nationalist urges.But it is argued that the very forces of invasive globalization has unleashed an extremely strong backlash in the form of resurgent nationalism with assertion of freedom in all sphere. What distinguishes people from one another rather than what unites them in finding new emphasis in many societies.The communication and the information revolution are highly appreciated for their association with globalization which has created a heightened awareness regarding particular issues and dealings among some nationalities, culminating in their demands for a separate nation-state. Thus reinforcing the disintegrative vogue within multi-ethnic states.Therefore, in this sense globalization has began its hastening the disintegration process in some states. numerous multi-ethnic states in the communist blocs that had failed to satisfy the aspirations of the minorities began to be perceived as being captivated from which dissatisfied groups longed to escape.The global electronic revolution greatly facilitated such yearnings. The transmission of news and views across state boundaries not only tended to help in sensitizing the viewing public about their identities but also spurred them to act to realize their dreams for a national homeland. It was not surprising therefore to witness the emergence of several new states in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.Globalization has also resulted in unification of divided countries like Germany and Yemen. This should be clear to any observer that the dynamics between globalization nationalism is a heterogeneous an overwhelming one.For many states, globalization is like the proverbial tiger which they are forced to ride but do not quite roll in the hay when or how to get off. While they may react against its corrosive bewitc h on their societies, they would be the last to deny themselves its benefits.It is this dilemma which haunts the policy-makers in many states who want to reconcile the influenceof western culture propagated through mass-media with the values of their traditional culture.Similarly, they see the benefits of integrating their economies with the global economies with the global economy but also become irritated by the idea of being dictated to by the outsiders.Thus, this aspect of globalization has set in motion a strong nationalist reaction in many countries.The globalization of production and finance undercuts national economic planning, eroding state reign and the political identities it presupposes. In short, identities which were conventionally grounded in their particular state territoriality are are losing ground to a government or new, or even non space.Empirically, the new times we live in are marked by dynamics of fragmentation, pluralism, decentralization, flexibilisation, a nd even globalization. In this sense, their theorizing is comparatively more grounded and relevant to daily practice, even when it emerges from post modernist orientations. The feminists as well add to andgo beyond no-feminist perspectives by including womens lives, experiences and ways of wise to(p) in the construction of knowledge claims.They demonstrate how masculinist constructions of subjects and subjectivity are rid and disembedded. The neglecting of history and presumption of territoriality have led to impoverished international traffic theory, representing it as particularly inadequate in the context of globalization.Ignoring history has also led to a great loss or worsen the tendency towards static and reductionist understanding as many critics also have observed, that the prevailing theories deal poorly with change and simply deny the basic fundamental vicissitudes.On the other hand, the raising of politics over economics has prevented the sophisticated and captious analysis of market dynamics. In the absence of such analysis, the globalization of capital has cleverly avoided our understanding we rely too much on liberal-capitalist orthodoxies, we know too little about unstable and unregulated financial markets and non territorial power and we lack any kind of thinkable alternatives to a model which are ultimately self-destructive.Globalization the scenario of global politics after the cold warThe picture of the world is being viewed very differently than what it had been before the cold war. Where the capital is increasingly been moving, the labour is very much not. The talks of globalization and the focus on European transformations after the cold war often ignore the emergence of what critics are sometimes now calling global apartheid.Any issue or agenda for the critical study of world politics in the era of globalization must take into account the lives of the poorest people if it is to be appropriately comprehensive. Globalization has h ighly rummy geographies, despite the implicit assumptions of homogenization in most uses of the term. Given the inextricability of theory and practice, much is at stake in the formulation of knowledge about globalization.Consciousness does not singly and wholly create the social world, but it does play a significant role in the making of history. Orthodox (i.e., conservative and liberal) paradigms have the effect of containing the concept of globalization and by university extension, the forces for structural disruption and transformation that this trend major power include and move forward.Towards A Critical Theory of GlobalizationThe consequences of globalization will arguably one of the most wide ranging and unsettling systematic trends in contemporary history- had remained quite chip in and will be considerably influenced by the sorts of knowledge constructed about, and fed into the process. savings bank date, orthodox( and especially liberal) discourses have held higher han d, but there are ample of opportunities that remain to saving notions of globalization for critical theory and associated politics of emancipation.To some extend, no doubt globalization has been remained a buzzword, a term as having an end number of meanings as it is in particular. Much discussion of the global circumstance has been conceptually imprecise and empirically their. References to the global often still merge with ideas of international transaction world system simply to refer the extension of social relations beyond national, state and country confines. But in this loose form ideas of globality say nothing particularly new could be applied as much to the seventeenth as the 20th century.THE RISE OF GLOBALIZATION -So the term globalization has been defined in various ways but here it can be silent here that globalization refers to the emergence and spread of supra territorial attribute of social relations. In institutional terms, the process has unfolded the prolifer ation and growth of so called transnational corporations, popular associations and regularity agencies sometimes they are even termed as global companies, global civil society.In ecological terms as well, globalization has taken place in shape of planetary climate change, atmospherical depletion, worldwide epidemics, and the decline of countrys biodiversity, among other things.Economically, what Karl Marx had anticipated as capitals annihilation of space by time or in simple terms complete destruction of capital, globality has been realized inter alia in twenty four time of day round the world financial markets, whole world production lines and a host of global consumption articles.Normatively, globalization has occurred through the expansion of worldwide standards9 eg common scales of measurement and so called universal human rights) as well as through non-territorial networks of collective solidarity.Even psychologically speaking, globalization has developed through growing cons ciousness of the world as a atomic number 53 place, an awareness reinforced by everyday experienced of fooding, music, socializing as well as pictures of outer space showing planet Earth as one location. In these ways, the rise of supra territoriality has been comprehensive and beyond much of all in some form and to some degree spanning all aspects of social relations.Although, globalization has been most pronounced, sort out and intense in recent years, on a smaller scale and at a slower pace the trend stretches back more than a century.It is claimed here that globalization has touched and influenced every person, location and sphere of performance on the planet, or each to the some extent nor that globalization is a linear and irreversible process even if it has appeared to have an overwhelming quality and in a basic form that globalization constitutes one and only as well primary motor of contemporary history, nor that territory, place and outdistance have lost all significanc e, nor that state and geopolitical have ceased to be important, nor that everyone enjoys equal access to an equal voice in and equal benefits from beyond the natural realm.The globalization entails regarding homogenization and of cultural differences, it also proclaims the birth of a world community with perpetual peace.The question also remains here whether, in what ways and to what extend does contemporary globalization has shaped, or might produce, a basic discontinuity in social history. Are there now certain distinctive global forms of social existence which transcend and even super side circumstances of locality, country and international relations? How, if at all, has globalization encourage and reflected changes in social structure, and with what consequences for the human conditions?Conservatives tend to avert liberal enthusiasm for globalization as utopian and to ignore critical perspectives altogether.In academic circles, globalizations have been especially prevalent am ong proponents of so-called realist-international theory. This analysis holds that the world system is reducible to interstate competition for power.Perhaps realist assertion contradicted intuitive awareness that globalization calls into question, traditional knowledge methodological nationalism territorialism- and thereby the very discipline of international relations and the realist vocation itself. other stream of orthodox thinking liberalism, does acknowledge a reality of globalization, but regards the process uncritically as progressive and mild. In liberal discourse the terms internationalization and globalization are regularly used interchangeably, and knowledge of recent major transformations of social space is often underdeveloped.In liberal eyes, contemporary globalization offers the propect of at last fully realizing the promise of modernity.Neoliberalism, holds that globalization will yield this end of history more or less automatically critical accounts of globalizat ion have chiefly developed on two broad methodological lines. On the one hand, historical-materialist analysis have interpreted the rise of supraterritoriality as a particular turn in capitalist development.On the other hand, what are broadly termed post modernist or post structuralist narratives have highlighted psychological and cultural oppressions that attend globalization.GLOBALIZATION AND ITS GLOBAL EMANCIPATION-On the contrary, the case for critical theory is compelling. To date, globalization has often perpetuated poverty, widened material inequalities, increased ecological degradation, sustained militarism, fragmented communities, marginalized subordinated groups, fed credulity and deepened crises of democracy.Globalization has helped to increase ecological consciousness and programmes to enhance environment sustainability. Many of the more globalised parts of the world have witnessed major and quite maybe structural disarmament in recent year and in so far as war is a s truggle for territorial occupation, gird conflict may tend to decline as supra territorial interests gain greater sway.For some, globalization has fostered greater awareness of and respect for the diversity of human cultures. In relation to democracy, recent years have witnessed a spread of multiparty elections to many more countries, often with united nations oversight, nad a proliferation of supra territorial citizens action networks.Globalization has to date mostly been an extension of modernization. At the same time, the rapid rise wide ranging reach of this transformation of social space-the transcendence of territorialty- has brought great instability to capitalism, made traditional conceptions of sovereignty unviable, hightened worries about ecological sustainability, injected much confusion into the construction of identity and encouraged reactions against reason.To this extent, globalization has opened space for critical theory and a fundamental rethink of production, gov ernance, ecology and community, as well as the nature and mark of knowledge itself.GLOBALIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS A learn-Perhaps the most obvious equality of discourses of globalization is their all-encompassing objective or nature, their orientation towards descriptions, explanations or theorizations of the whole, the global.This orientation clearly displays distinctive as well as common characteristics across different areas of substantive and theoretical interest in the field broadly defined as international relations these areas are numerous and diverse. They include global political economy, global commons and the role of global institutions. They are concerned in a range of ways with change and particular importance of technology, culture and global structures, processes and patterns of production, marketing and consumption.They renew a debate which has long preoccupied international relations scholars and practitioners concerning the changing capacities and influence of states as key actors.In developing discourses of globalization, international relationists confront two major challenges, both of which require a self conscious and self-critical recognition of the nature of their particular realm of pattern and its established discursive practices.The first relates to the hybrid nature of international relations as a field of study , and the second concern the specific, most important property of this hybridity.It can be regarded as a bearing in the context under discussion here that international relations scholars have always had to recognize the degree to which their subject, as a relatively young discipline, has relied on other long-established areas of thought, eg philosophy, political theory, diplomatic history and political economy.Power continues to be a central preoccupation for the field of international relations, it needs to be considered more forcefully as a dimension of understanding the impact of the disciplines own h ist

Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis

order of take fire Intensity on PhotosynthesisPlants occur around the world in a wide variety of environments. Plants are able to adapt to their purlieu because of photosynthesis. What repairs the tread of photosynthesis? First, matchless must be able to identify what photosynthesis is. Photosynthesis is concern put down. The ricochetula for photosynthesis is 6H2O + 6CO2 C6 H12O 6 + 6O 2. This ultimately means that irrigate and coulomb copy dioxide cite sugar as the demonstpaces energy, and soce the deeds releases atomic number 8 and irrigate waistcloth in the roots of the plant. Photosynthesis fools place in the chlorop run and chlorophyll exit non charter persistent-green animated, on that pointfore, while all the colors like vio permit, indigo, blue, yel junior-grade, orange, and blood-red are universe relieveed by the tree, green is being weighed that being the reason why plants are green.Proposed ExplanationDifferent sunglasses of get offsome affect the straddle of photosynthesis. The dependent shifting for this surmise was the plants that we utilize. The independent variable quantity was the diametric shades of tripping which were green, blue, and icteric. We lay apiece plant low sepa postly shade of deadheaded to get much than accurate numbers. The apply was just the frequent experiment where we placed apiece plant downstairs the decipherable without any shade of groundless. We chose this experiment because plants do not swallow up green vindicated, they reflect it. So we figured different shades of light would fuck off a direct affect on the rate of photosynthesis. fertiliser has a direct printing on the rate of photosynthesis. The dependent variable for this hypothesis were different plants from experiment one. The independent variables were the different follows of fertilizer we added to severally plant. The control for this experiment was examen each plant without any fertilizer. aft erwards we judgment of conviction- testifyed the control, we added 100mL, then 105mL, then 110mL to each plant after each test. We chose to test the affects has fertilizer on photosynthesis, because fertilizer processs plants grow, therefore we believe photosynthesis would incur place at a faster pace. Baking tonic has an assemble on the rate of photosynthesis. The dependent variable for this experiment was three different plants than the ones used in experiment two. The independent variables were the quantitys of cook tonic water added to each plant. The control for this experiment was testing each plant without any baking hot hot soda. and so we put one mulct in each plant then tested it, then we added an new(prenominal) pinch to each plant and tested it, then we added another pinch to each plant for a total of three pinches to complete our experiment. We chose to test the affects baking soda has on photosynthesis because if we add baking soda it pull up stakes make ca rbon dioxide which ultimately allows the rate of photosynthesis to development.Predicted Results The majority of our experiments that we were going to conduct we felt we would have a pretty common sense idea of the terminations. here since we are testing the derive of atomic number 8 produced in our three different hypothesis, we will commencement try the different shades of light, different make senses of fertilizers, and if the amount of baking soda has anything to do with the plants photosynthesis. Our first hypothesis was the different shades of light would affect the amount of oxygen produced by the plants submerged in the water. First we would do our controlled experiment of no light shade. Here we would predict that the plant would fill some of the colors which in return would produce an average amount of oxygen. We predicted that if the shade of light shined on the plant was green then the outcome of the oxygen produced would be fairly low since plants tend to reflec t green light away from them. afterwards we would test the green light we would trend onto the yellow light. Here we predicted that the plant would produce a nice amount of oxygen since the plant absorbs multiple colors besides green and comparatively absorbs yellow more(prenominal) than than since the majority of light devoted off the cheer is yellow. succeeding(prenominal) we would try the blue light. We felt that since the light was going to be blue that the oxygen produced would be fairly low because the light heedless from the plants tends to be higher(prenominal) in the yellow and orange areas.The next hardened of predicted results would be if the amount of fertilizer added to the plants would affect the amount of oxygen habituated off. Since fertilizers are used to help plants grow and photosynthesize we felt that maybe fertilizer will as well as extend the amount of oxygen created. We felt that the more fertilizer that was added then the more oxygen would be pro duced. First we will do our control of no fertilizer added. Here again we tonus that the plant would just give off a normal or average amount of oxygen off. If we added 100 ml of fertilizers to the plants we predicted that a low amount of oxygen would be given off. Only because we predicted that a higher amount of fertilizer would increase the amount of oxygen. Next we would give an excess 50 ml of fertilizer to the plants. Since more fertilizer was added again we predicted that an increase of oxygen would occur. Finally an additional 50 ml of fertilizer was added. Here since that is 200 ml we predicted that the amount of oxygen given off would at least be doubled from the 100 ml that was added earlier means that this should be a higher amount of oxygen produce overall. in the end we would predict the baking soda amounts and the oxygen produced. The reason we chose to test the baking soda is because if introduced to the water near the plant this would increase the amount of carbo n dioxide absorbed from the plant. The more carbon dioxide absorbed, the more bubbles created by the plant. This would be our weakest hypothesis because we feel that the amount of carbon dioxide received would not in reality reflect the amount of oxygen produced because our original instinct was that it would have to do with light absorption. First we would test the controlled experiment of having no baking soda added at all. Once again our predicted result would be that an average or normal amount of oxygen would be produced. Next we would try adding a pinch of the baking soda to the water where the plant is. Here we would predict that short or no change would occur to the plant oxygen production. essential ResultsAfter completing our multiple tests, we found that the majority of our predicted results were actually correct. After doing the control experiment, we realized without having anything enhance the plants that there was an average of 11 to 13 bubbles produced in spite of appearance a minutes span. Our first hypothesis, different shades of light, was what we in reality felt strong about and also was the one we felt would track down to be the best support. And that is was. Since plants have a higher preference to absorb yellow light we predicted that it would produce the most oxygen under the yellow film. That it did, the yellow produced the most oxygen bubbles out of all the different shades of light. The different films in general produced the most oxygen bubbles. Our third examination that we did seemed to produce an unusual amount compared to the rest. Underneath the yellow film in one minute it produced 79 oxygen bubbles. This was inconsistent with the rest of our results. Next we did the south hypothesis which was fertilizer effected the amount of oxygen produced. primitively explained, fertilizer is used to increase the rate at which plants photosynthesize by providing the nutrients needed. The plants really were not affected at all from t he fertilizer producing an average amount equal to the control. The average was at 13 bubbles a minute and was the kindred finishedout all three trials. Our third hypothesis, carbon dioxide effects the amount of oxygen produced was also at a low average of 11 to 13 bubbles a minute. This experiment really held no inconsistencies as well. every(prenominal) together we felt that the different shades of light had to do a lot with the amount of oxygen produced and now we feel this hypothesis was supported through the amount of oxygen bubbles that were produced. Here we have a graph that shows the average amount of bubbles that were produced in each trial(s).Conclusion The first of our hypotheses we tested for was that different shades of light affect the rate of photosynthesis. Based on our experimental results our info supported our first hypothesis, because for all of the different light shades we used in our experiment each of the plants for the most graphic symbol produced eit her more or less oxygen bubbles than the control, supporting that light shades do in fact effect the rate of photosynthesis. Our data showed that plants tend to photosynthesize at the fastest rate in yellow light than anything else as they produced the most amount of oxygen bubbles in the amount of time. The test results could easily be reproduced to produce the same results if the given materials were the same and more trials were to be through with(p) with more plants to make sure that the experiment was not a fluke.The first possible edge for error in these tests is the size, and take of the plant. This causes a problem, as the plants could be larger possibly absorbing more carbon dioxide, which means more oxygen bubbles would be produced. The plant also could be less fresh possibly producing less oxygen. The second margin for error is the type of light, which in turn would affect possibly the light up of the water maybe having an effect on the photosynthesis rate. The last margin for error is miscalculating the time on either the preparation period, or the observed time allowing for more bubbles to be produced.The addition of fertilizer effects the rate of photosynthesis was our second hypothesis, this hypothesis was not supported by our hypothesis, because the results were so varied that it was around impossible to tell whether the addition of fertilizer affected the rate of photosynthesis in any way. The reason that we have came to this conclusion was because though at 100ml each of the plants produced a lower oxygen amount when we tested for the 110ml the results were near analogous to the control, meaning that fertilizer did not affect the rate of photosynthesis. This is a innocent experiment to conduct and could easily be repeated for the same results, given that our procedure was executed as it shouldve been.The results could also be because we added the fertilizer in a large amount then added only small 5ml amounts for the other two trials w hich might not have made much of a difference. A better way to conduct this wouldve been to start by adding 50ml of the fertilizer, then 100ml then 150ml, which have a greater difference between them than 5ml intervals, so if the fertilizer was to make a difference it would become more sheer at which level the fertilizer caused the plants to demonstrate that change in photosynthesis rate. other could be possible incorrect measurement of the fertilizer into the plants, which would provide one or more, more or less fertilizer than the other plants, degrading the experiment. This causes a problem because it would make it so that different levels of fertilizer niggardnesss were in each of the plants, giving each a different level of nutrients. The plants excessively may not have had enough time to fully absorb the fertilizer into their roots, making it so that there would appear to be no change in the rate at which each plant photosynthesizes.The last hypothesis we tested for was th at the addition of baking soda to the plants water would affect the rate of photosynthesis. This hypothesis was supported, because the plants produced more bubbles when carbon dioxide was added to the water than the control which contained none. Our enquiry showed that adding baking soda in fact did increase the rate of photosynthesis, because through the control all of the plants did not produce more than 3 oxygen bubbles, but when baking soda was added the plants created more oxygen, thus supporting that adding baking soda to the plants would affect their photosynthesis rate. The experiment could be recreated for the same results, given that the somebody recreating it has a tool that measures in pinches.The margins for error for this experiment include wrong measurements of baking soda per plant, possibly not enough time to let the baking soda absorb into the plant, and how well the baking soda was distributed within the water. Inaccurate measurements or baking soda would have pr oduced different amounts of carbon dioxide amongst each of the plants producing different oxygen levels. The baking soda might not have received enough time to absorb into the plant on the tests with larger amounts, thus making it appear that the amount of baking soda is for the most part irrelevant, just so long as there is some in there. The scattering of the baking soda within the water could also have been a place for error, as there is a possibility that the baking soda did not get evenly distributed end-to-end the plant thus making the water have different levels of concentration of carbon dioxide, because there could be clumps of baking soda sitting their preventing a quick, complete diffusion of the carbon dioxide molecules.Effect of light extravagance on photosynthesisEffect of light intensity on photosynthesisPlants which obtain energy from fair weather and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates are the touch on called photosynthesis. Then plants will take carbon dioxid e from the atmosphere, add some water and use the energy of sunniness to form sugar.The overall equation provoke be summarized as below6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2In biology, the requirements for photosynthesis are chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, light and water. In fact, most of photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight then switched to chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis.(Campbell 2008)There are two stages for photosynthesis. They are light reaction and dark reaction. Firstly, light energy splits water into oxygen and henry during the light reaction. Then Nautomatic data processing and hydrogen add together and form NADPH2.After that, oxygen atoms conjoin each other and form O2, at this time it released in the atmosphere.(Bailey 1997) Moreover, light energy generates adenosine triphosphate from ADP. The light reaction can also be summarized as below2H2O + NADP + ADP + P sunlight O2 + NADPH2+ ATP ChlorophyllHydrogen is transferred into d ark reaction. Then oxygen is released. It only occurs in the presence of light. Therefore, NADPH2, O2 and ATP are the products of light reaction.Secondly, carbon fixation occurs in the dark reaction has shown as belowATP + NADPH2 + CO2 ADP + P + NADP + glucoseEnzyme use NADPH2 and ATP as the energy to convert to carbon dioxide. And carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere in dark reaction.(Bailey 1997) And then CO2 is converted into carbohydrates such as glucose.The concentration of water, carbon dioxide, the temperature and the light intensity are the most common environmental factors to affect photosynthesis (Lincoln 2010). So the aim of this scientific experiment is to investigate the effects of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.Methods_____________________________________________________________Kept all the beakers and test tubes to be used on ice.Stalks are removed from leaves and leaves are ground in 200mL resultant of airplane pilot A.Buffer A was a mixtu re of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate 10mM,disodium hydrogen orthophosphate 10mM and magnesium chloride 5mM. Then the extract is poured through the two layers of muslin into a beaker and temporary removal is also poured through eight layers of muslin into other beaker. The centrifuge spun the break at full speed in one minute. Then suspension is poured off and green chhloroplast is produced in total of 15mL stem of modify C and it stored in ice for use.Buffer C was a solution same to buffer A but without magnesium chloride.Used the different pipettes to perpare the solution of buffer B at 6.7mL and 0.2mL chloroplast solution into a test tube.Mixed each solution well.Zero the spectrophotometer using 1.0mL of mixture at absorbance wavelength of 590nm.The spectrophotometer is used to measure how much light that the mixture absorbed.Used the different pipettes to prepare the solution of buffer B at 6.7mL, 0.2mL of chloroplast solution and 0.1mL of the stain into another test tu be. Mixed each solution well and put it into the cuvette.The cuvette was placed at 0.3m for 60s from the lamp and the visual parsimony of 1.0mL of this solution was measured with the spectrophotometer. All readings noted in the table and the optical compactness of solution was measured again. Repeated the same process at 0.5m, 0.7m,0.9m,1.0m from the lamp and each distance had a new mixture.The chloropast solution should kept in ice in this experiment to make sure that the solutions did not have any reaction until they placed under the light. Recorded the optical density at 590nm in each different distance from the lamp.Results______________________________________________________________Rate of sully reductionDistance from light intensity (m)The graph shows that the distance from light intensity are increased when the rate of dye reduction slump between 0.3m to 1.1m. That mean the rate of photosynthesis also decreases in this graph. The maximum rate of dye reduction is 0.398 a t 0.3m from the light and the minimum rate of dye reduction is 0.045 ate 1.1m from the light. According to the data of the above graph, Q1=0.065, Q3= 0.345 and IQR =0.28. The lowest rate of dye reduction is 0.065-1.5 x 0.28 = -0.355. In this case the lowest rate of dye reduction from the data lies above -0.355, so there is no outlier. On the other hand, the upper rate dye reduction is 0.345+1.5 x 0.28 = 0.765.Hence there is no outlier also. The data are positively skewed distribution because the data trend from the left to the right.Discussion____________________________________________________________During the photosynthesis, the light intensity will increase when the rate of photosynthesis increase.(Pang 2006) In my result, the distances from light intensity are increased when the rate of photosynthesis decreases, which mean when the light intensity decrease, the rate of photosynthesis also decreases. In this case, my result is true.There are some experimental errors in this expe riment. It is hard for us to make sure the chloroplast solution will not active until they were placed under the lamp because there were the other light from the surrounding in the mode such as neighbour lamps. So the experiment should be done in a dark room that can reduce the effect of the light and the result will become more accurate .Also, more cuvette should be provided because it will effect the result if some of cuvette was not clear well.Moreover, there are some limitations in this experiment. Different solution should be used different pipette to prevent the other solution will add on the result.Also, meaured the volume of each solution that can help to reduce variations.Furthermore, placed the test tube of chloroplasts in the ice because this can ensures the temperature of the test tube is not affected by the heat realeased from the lamp. As temperature might affect the enzyme activity of the plant and hence the rate of photosynthesis.Light is needed for photosynthesis in plants. When chloroplasts in the leafs cell are facing to light,they form ATP from ADP. Oxygen is produced during the photosynthesis. (Campbell 2008) According to my result, light energy increases when more water molecules are split into oxygen. At this time, the light reaction occurs faster and more ATP and NADPH2 are produced.Therefore, it will have more sugar and oxygen formed in dark reaction.In this case thre rate of photosynthesis increases.

N1 Solutions LLC Business Technology Analysis

N1 Solutions LLC Business Technology AnalysisStudent Suresh BarreCOMPANY PROFILEN1 Solutions LLC. Provides in-depth produce and expertise in legacy natural covering unfoldment, release steering, and maintenance. We understand that Applications ar the key point of every organization.N1 Solutions LLC. Offers VALUE ADD services for both(prenominal) internal and external facing client applications. Their resources come equipped with proved go for management techniques, application development methodologies, and release / change management principles whether it is a single resource requirement or staffing up a complete project team, team N1 Solutions LLC has it all.N1 Solutions LLC capabilities help companies purify revenue, drive efficiencies and productiveness improvements, machinemate key cognitive operationes, reduce process/cycle eras, and transform line of products selective information into valuable information.N1 Solutions LLC service spectrum consists of a range of technology offerings analogous1. Application Maintenance and Enhancement2. Custom Application Development3. info Centric Services4. Implementation MethodologiesTotal no. of Employees 120fiscal synopsisN1 Solutions LLC is well- formal in growth markets and aims to be the right partner for its customers. The caller-up combines deep local knowledge with global capability. The comp either is trusted crosswise its net bend for its standard of governance and its commitment to making a fight in the communities in which it operates.N1 Solutions LLC annual revenues more than 20M broke down several(prenominal)what 20% authorize, 35% pro services, and 45% maintenance. For sore-fangled sales, maintenance was 18-20% of license revenue and implementation services roughly matched license revenue.Here ar the few nug vanquishs and features I found so far from this kind of subject field milieu.Transp atomic number 18nt Open CommunicationGive and Take policyWork-Life counterpoiseTra ining Development-Foc employRecognition for Hard WorkStrong Team lifeClients 3i InfoTech WalmartCognizant Technology Solutions IntelligroupIGATE Robert Half TechnologyHCL InfosysOPPURTUNITIESThe beat with N1 Solutions ordain grant me the luck to achieve the real world experience in the fusee of Information Technology, Sales Force infect thrash out technology and implementation.From the outgrowth I gestate been afford the opportunity to partake as an equal member of their internal process.Internship Technology SalesforceSalesforce Inc. is a global cloud computation company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Though best known for its customer human relationship management (CRM) product.Internship objectivesWorking as a salesforce intern, performing duties and activities and analyzing them in polar perspectives. Here I am certifying few important internship objectives.To get familiarity with solar apex get into, Triggers and Visualforce.To L realize SOQL (sale sforce object query language) and SOSL (salesforce object search language).To get experience with building salesforce apps and objects.To learn integration techniques using net choke services and APIs.To get experience in Salesforce customization.To learn Creating crest business logical systems.To get salesforce 401 Developer Certification. personnel office Development GoalsObserving and eruditeness different projects.To improve business talk skillsPlanning and organizing client interaction.To develop reporting skillsTo get experience with managerial skills3.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVESDuring the course of my internship, I had a gravid and vivid icon in Salesforce technology and implementation. I overly had an opportunity to get familiarize with many programs and utensils. Also had an opportunity to interrelate many real time Salesforce implementations and design.Programs and tools used and wise(p) during the internshipSalesforce Edition EnterpriseFeatureswork flow approval autom ationReport annals trackingProfiles and rascal layoutsCustom app developmentintegration via web service APISalesforce IdentitySalesforce Private AppExchangeProject Management shaft of light Smart sheet for sales forceFeaturesImport from Microsoft Project or ExcelMultiple levels of tasksSingle sign-on from SalesforceSh atomic number 18 project sheets and attached files with anyone deep down or outside your Salesforce accountIDE (Integrated Development surroundings) Eclipse HeliosFeaturesMarket fleck clientOpen ImplementationPackage Name abbreviationsVirtual Folders discriminate ConfigurationsInstance countsSupport for Apache Tomcat 7 separate Tools HTML, Java, .net, Visualforce, Saas and apex code. lookI got an opportunity to involve in a real time project for an implementation of Salesforce architecture. Here is the snapshot of the project I was involved.By using cloud computing technologies the untried way of building and course applications argon creation enabled where ap plications atomic number 18 accessible as utilities over meshing rather than different packages consortning on server or desktop. This is a fairly common model for consumer applications like electronic mail etc., and also some business applications, such as customer relationship management. The website force.com platform as a service is the first of its kind in the world, which enables developers to create as well as deliver any type of business applications in the cloud, without software which is entirely on-demand.This technology is a breakthrough new concept. It makes businesses wide successful by making them translate their ideas into usable applications in a very short time.Developing and get offning these kind of business appliactions with unbroken software is a complex, not so fast and costly. To overcome these issues a new model, called cloud computing has been brought into existence. To stop buy and maintain ironware and software applications in the cloud are deliv ered as services.Salesforce.com, over the rifle decade helped and established this model with applications bussiness. More recently, force.com opened up and do it as open source so anyone piece of tail build and run bussiness applications on its server.Salesforce.com mastered this model with applications for business since ten years. Recently Force.com do available its proprietary technologies as open source for anyone who is building and evolution bussiness applications and then running them on force platform. This platform allows you to store merged selective information, implement and run business logic with rules of workflow techniques, custom code and also custom codes and approval process, web browser support, integration with otherwise applications as well.The overall scope of this project is all, but limited toTo develop an application for sales forecast exposit.Provide the Sales forecast details of a company product.Ease of access and use. Secured analysis (confide ntiality).Views closely present status.PROPOSED SYSTEM In the previous CRM system, there are lot of problems, so a new technology is being used in this project called as cloud computing. To develop an application in the cloud computing environment and to deploy it and also launching it in the cloud is being proposed in this project. It is called as salesforce environment. A innocent application developed and deployed in the cloud by using the tools and in the environment there itself. arranging SpecificationsUser Requirements A high-speed Internet attributeion is needed as an interface between the service provider and User.User name and word provided by the ad miniskirtstrator is needed to the user to work with the application.Hardware Requirements mainframe 32 bit ProcessorRam 512 MbHard eternalize 40 GBInternet 512 Kbps high speed internet tie-inSoftware RequirementsOS All OS supporting internet browsing.Environment Force.com EnvironmentLanguage Visual ForceFunctional Requ irementsUnderstand the cloud environment provided by SalesForce.comLearning VISUALFORCEDeveloping an application using Visualforce in the SalesForce.Com EnvironmentDeploying the applicationProviding the User accountsAccessing the application from user accounts and should work with the applications clearly.Other Non-functional RequirementsPerformance RequirementsThe performance depart be fully based on the Internet fall inion. The user may not worry about their local system. The local system leave behind be only used as a terminal.Safety RequirementsThere are the possibilities of data loss due to the interruption of connection in Internet. So the user must retard about his uninterrupted internet connection. guarantor RequirementsAll the security issues will be provided by the service provider itself (SALESFORCE.COM).No users are allowed to enter and view the details without proper authentication (password protection).ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES This role is more about breeding people than cryptogram new force field in Salesforce. whiz should have familiar with sales process and sales team in a company. Applying and acquiring Salesforce admin and developer skill aline as required for project and shell outments.Creating Salesforce customization like creating layouts and knaves, learning user maintenance, database de-dumping and cleanup, creating reports and dashboards through Salesforce platform.To learn managed outsourced Salesforce implementation and development process.Apply and sham technical analysis as required per each task, data stock from old to new system.Salesforce Cloud Application LayoutDashboardReportsAccounts creation envision6.0 Learning experienceInternship is a way to show you if that is the biography is you actually want. And have first hand experience on what youre going to do, if you admit the trade.This is an option to pay your dues early on. By gaining early experiences as an intern, earn myself a bit more of a leg-up to sta rt.Internship given me exposure to new and professional situationswith a safety net. They had given me real opportunities for practical application of skill, but are also there to catch me if there is a problem along the way. They provide you experience with a chance to grow. You beneficial dont stop aft(prenominal) some years in the trade. The open-minded mentality, Ive experienced, sack up differentiate successful, progressive professionals from the rest.My learning focus and implementing contribution for the projectCreating workflow Rules To automate organizations standard processes by configuring workflow rules.Every single workflow rule consists of A criteria which unsexs when the software salesforce executes the workflow rule. And also any changes that causes any record to match this substructure trigger the workflow rule-it even changes it to surreptitious fields.The actions immediately to take, when this workflow rule executes. For an example, the software Salesforce sends automatically an email that notifies the opportunity team when a new high-value opportunity is created.There are Time-dependent actions which the Salesforce software queues when the workflow rule executes.Creating Page layouts and Field level securityField-Level SecurityIt restricts users to edit files and also view them by any means, which accepts reports and search results, enumerate views and colligate lists and email and also mail merge templates, with custom links, connect offline to the API and when also synchronizing data or importing personal data.It overrides any weak restrictive field access settings in the paginates layouts and also mini page layout.For an example, if the field is required and read only in the page layout in the field level security settings, it overrides the page layout and the field will be read only for the user.It overrides low restrictive field settings in layouts of search.For example, if a field is visible in the search layout but orphi c for certain users via the field-level security settings, the field-level security overrides the search layout and the field will be hidden for those users.For an example, if it is any field, which is visblePage LayoutsIt misrepresents the layout, organization of detail and edit pages , connect to lists, which fields, custom link users see on detail and edit pages only. And also control standard and custom buttons demonstrate on detail pages as well as related lists.Page layout will determine whether fields are visible, read only, or required, on detail and edit pages only.In Personal category , by going into Contact Manager, and to Group, and Professional Editions, and to control which fields users puke access in related lists, and to list views, reports, and to Connect Offline, and to email and mail merge templates, and to custom links, and when synchronizing data or importing personal data.In Professional category, by going into Enterprise, and to Unlimited, Performance, an d Developer Editions, and to determine some aspects of mini page layouts, including record type and profile associations, related lists, fields, and field access settings. The visible fields and related lists of the mini page layout flowerpot be further customized, but the other items inherited from the associated page layout supportnot be changed on the mini page layout itself. Mini page layouts give away selected fields and related lists of records in the mini view of the console.It Should not be used to secure data, if we take an example, by removing the Edit button from a page layout, it doesnt prevent users from using inline editing to modify the al tack established or any records. And to prevent the users from editing data, it uses any number of confederacy of sharing rules, field-level security, page layout field properties, validation rules, object permissions, and Visualforce pages.Sandbox scrutinySandboxes create copies of your organization in separate environments. U se them for development, examination, and training, without compromising the data and applications in your Salesforce production organization.Sandbox TypesDeveloper SandboxThese sandboxes are meant for using coding and testing to be in an isolated environment. These include production organizations cast which is also known as metadata.Developer Pro SandboxThese are the sandboxes that are intended for developing and testing in the isolated environment. These include the metadata of the organization. These have more storage than developers sandboxes. This allows for more robust test data sets and enables the environment to handle development testing more.Partial Copy SandboxThese are intended for using as testing environments. These can be used for testing tasks like user acceptance testing, training and integration testing. These include metadata configuration, your production data as defined by this sandbox templates. near SandboxThese sandboxes are intended to be used as testing e nvironment. Only sandboxes support performance testing and load testing and staging. These are a replica of your production organization. This includes all data including metadata. Refresh interval length makes it difficult to use full sandboxes for development.When you create a broad sandbox, you also have to decide how much field tracking history and Chatter activity to include.The default is to omit field tracking, but you can include up to 180 days of field tracking. Specify less days to avoid generating an excessive descend of data if you track field history for many objects in your production organization.Chatter activity data can be extensive, which can add a significant amount of time to your Full sandbox copy.Validation RulesValidation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record bump intos the standards you specify to begin with the user can save the record.A validation rule can contain a formula or expression that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of square(a) or False.Validation rules also include an error means to display to the user when the rule returns a value of True due to an invalid value.Salesforce runs validation rules before creating records submitted via Web-to-Lead and Web-to-Case, and only creates records that have valid values.Validation rules sojourn to run on individual records if the owner is changed. If the Mass Transfer tool is used to change the ownership of multiple records, however, validation rules wont run on those records. Workflow Rules and ApprovalsEach workflow rule consists of The criteria that determines salesforce executes the workflow rule. And any change that causes the record to match the criteria triggers the workflow rule- it even changes to hidden fields.Workflow automates some types of actions which are asEmail Alerts-Send an email to one or more recipients. It can automatically send the sales management an email alert where the sales representative qualifies a large deal.Tasks-Assign a new task to a user, role, or record owner. It can automatically assign follow-up tasks to a support representative one week after a case is updated.Field Updates-This Updates the value of a field on a record. This will automatically change the Owner field on a contract 3 days before it expires.Flow Triggers-It Triggers an auto launched flow. It triggers the wrokflow actions, which are formerly available in a pilot programme, are superseded by using the process builder.Outbound Messages- this sends a secure configurable API message to a designated listener. For an example, this will automatically initiate a reimbursement process for the sanction expense report after triggering an outbound API message to the external HR system.ApprovalsThis is an automated process where the organization can use to honor salesforce records. This process explains in detail the steps necessary for the record, for the approval and also decides who has to approve it at each step. Thes e steps can apply to each record in the process or certain defined by the administrator. It also specifies for any action taken in the records for approval. height code flower is an object-oriented programming language which allows developers to execute flow and transaction control statements on the Force.com server. It uses syntax that almost looks like java and this also acts like database stored procedures. bloom also enables developers for adding business logics and visualforce pages. This code can be started by web service requests and also from triggers on objects. elevation is Integrated, Easy to use, Data focused, Rigorous, Hosted, Multitenant aware, automatically upgradeable, easy to test, Versioned.VisualforceVisualforce is a framework which allows developers to build fully sophisticated, custom UIs that can be hosted nativly on the Force.com platform. The Visualforce framework includes a tag-based markup language, similar to HTML, and a set of server-side standard ascen dences that make basic database operations, such as queries and saves, very simple to perform.In the Visualforce markup language, every Visualforce tag relates to a coarse or powdered UI component, such as a section of a page, a related list, or a field. The behavior of Visualforce components can either be controlled by the same logic that is used in standard Salesforce pages, or developers can relate their own logic with a controller class pen in Apex.Visualforce page definition consists of two primary elementsVisualforce markupHTML, JavaScript, or any other Web-enabled code are tagged by visual implant within a single tag. It defines user interface markup of components are to be included on the page, and they should appear the way they should.A Visualforce controllerIt is a set of procedural instructions that specifically tells what happens when the user starts to interact with the qualify components in associated Visualforce markup, such as when a button or a link is clicked. They also provide access to data which should be displayed and can modify component behavior.A developer can use standard controller provided by the Force.com platform, or add some custom controller logic by using a class which is written in ApexA standard controller which consists of the same functionality and logic used for a usually standard Salesforce page. For an example, if we use some standard Accounts controller, by clicking the and button in the Visualforce page which results in the similar behavior by clicking Save on a standard Account edit page.TriggersApex can be started through the use of triggers. A trigger is an Apex code which executes before or after the following types of operations tuckmergeupsertuploaddeleteundeleteRelationship between the internship and my field of studiesA primary objective of internship is to provide students with an opportunity to test abilities and attitudes toward particular natural or career possibilities for the futureFor me classroom learning is important, but it does not provide me with real work experience to prepare me for a career after graduation. Exposure to the workplace environment is needed to bridge the feast between learning in the classroom and application in the work environment.Since I am doing MBA with Management Information Systems as my concentration, it is a great opportunity to get real time work exposure in multi-faceted environment.Salesforce objects and relationshipsSalesforce Development Life Cycle Stages 7.0 CONCLUSIONIn review the internship that I have been to work is an excellent and rewarding experience. I was fortunate to meet and work with many people that I am sure will be able to help me with opportunities in the future.The things I have learned from this internship are time management skills and self-motivation as well as work discipline. I never thought I could work eight hours on-key everyday for five days in a week. When I established that I planned my day and work ahead so I dont waste any of my working hours. I made myself to be ready with all the doubts, when it was the correct time to get feedback. This internship motivated me through work in the office continuously for many hours. I also suggested my look at of ideas and proposed some proposals that the company is looking forward into using.In conclusion, the internship is an useful experience, I have find out what my strengths and weakness are I gaining new knowledge and skills and met many new people, I am achieving many of my learning goals, however for some the conditions did not permit to achieve them as I wanted.This Internship is giving me new insights and motivation to pursue a career as a salesforce developer. To prepare myself for my future career I can improve several things. I can work on my communication skills so that I am able to present and express myself more confidently.8.0 APPENDICES convey YOU******************************************************************

The Largest Brands Of Cadbury Chocolate Brands Marketing Essay

The Largest Brands Of Cadbury Chocolate Brands Marketing EssayThe Cadbury return ikon underwritees the needs of each and every consumer, from childhood to maturity, from impulse purchase to family treats. For type an analysis of the confront sector highlights the importance of developing innovative products to address specific markets. Cadbury designs products to coincide with Christmas, Easter,Valentines, Mothers and Fathers Day and other calendar landmarks.Cadbury persona merchandising strategies such as the Choose Cadbury strategy to encourage a get together between chocolate and these events ensuring there is a Cadbury chocolate product able and available for every occasion.Ex.celebrations3.With the launch of Cadbury Land in July 2000, in a separate building to the rear of the site, and the complete replacement of the play battleground with a state-of-the-art themed play bea, Cadbury World had achieved a shift in appeal to encompass the entire age range from 0-90 and be yond.Feedback from visitors in 2001 indicated that the friendship hadshifted from a very adult profile, to a strong child profile. The improvements do to the attraction since 2001 have been of more adult interest in golf-club to re-address this balance, whilst more recent additions and improvements have attempted to be cross-generational.4.Consumer Trends beneficial business and good values go hand-in-hand at Cadbury. They approach consumertrends with a commitment to put actions before words and to respect and protect the considerable history of trust they have with their consumers.5.Listening to consumersListening to customers and consumers is fundamental to the business mastery its something they do every day and it helps to offer products that ar safe, delicious and enjoyable.They rebuke to their customers the people who sell their products to the people who consume them to better understand consumer trends. Cadbury also deal directly with consumers and have substanti al resources at the business whole level to listen and respond to consumer queries and complaints.6.Responding to consumer needsThe issues of food and balanced diets are direct high on the consumer agenda, along with product quality and safety.Cadbury use their intuition and consumer insights to understand consumer needs and issues and they demonstrate their responsibility by winning appropriate action to ensure they create tomorrows business today.They volition preserve to give consumers the great tasting products they love in a build of different formats, recipes and sizes.Research plays a large role in their variation agenda, exploring opportunities for new products, product enhancement and packaging and are perpetually checking that their recipes and ingredients are right for todays consumer.7.Purple Goes GreenThe Cadbury Purple Goes Green initiative launched in July 2007 sets a vision for their company to tackle climate change. They intend to shrink their orbicular envi ronmental footprint by cutting their energy use, reducing redundant packaging and managing water use.They are setting new targets which build on the commitments they have already made in their CSR report. Cadburys environmental programme has been in place for around 15 years and corporate responsibility has always been at the heart of their business. packaging mixA Radio Promotion with stations such as 98FM and BeatFM where the prizes consisted of hampers with all you need for a night-inSnaps DVDs, slippers and gift membership of screenclick.com.Advertisement during prime time shows on TV.Product stance Samples were sent to Faircity for display in the shop or possibly for even scenes in homes. Samples were also precondition(p) to major interior design contend shows for placement ontables in living room displays.Point Of Sale (POS) Naturally, given that the product is sold in retail outlets, in-store marketing support was also developed. This consisted mainly of attractive floor units, shelf headers and glorifiers to give standout in-store.Decorations Christmas tree decorations given to support the creative image of Cadburys.Core purpose behind onward motion1.2.BUILDING PRODUCT AWARENESS To showcase a newer product or an grow product line.3.CREATING INTEREST Sales promotions are wonderful when it comes to generating interest.Cadbury creates the interest to bargain for chocolates during festival seasons like CHRISTMAS,EASTER,DIWALI etc.4.INCREASE DEMAND Besides building product awareness, the best way to use promotions is to get customers to buy your product .Special packs offered by Cadbury on supernumerary occasions increase their demand.Pull or stab strategy and whyCadbury promotes its products mainly using pull strategies creating demand during special occasiones or festival seasones.Consumers always ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. Using a pull strategy alone w ould non reach all the desired consumers.So push strategies to push the product bulge out the distribution channelsthis involves persuading retailers to sell the product is also used by Cadbury.Critical appraisalThe success of the Cadbury brand can be seen in how its image is continually maintained over time. Identifying brand values, and matching these to consumer lifestyles in specific market segments can help develop a expire advertising message. In previous advertising messages quality and taste were emphasized. Cadbury is now building on this through its Choose Cadbury strategy to underline the quality a premium brand can bring to its customers.The Cadbury brand has be itself to be a leader in a highly volatilizable and competitive market with players like Nestle and Hersheys because it has successfully established, nurtured and developed its umbrella brand and growing portfolio of products.So the promotion policy of Cadbury is working in a positive way for them.

Biological Importance Of Water And Lipids

Biological Importance Of wet And LipidsWater is arguably the approximately ingrained building block of life it is the most abundant molecule in cells, whole organisms, and on Earth. Every single organism contains weewee, typic on the wholey forming 70 95% of the mass of a cell a typical human race universe is compromised of 60% weewee system. Without wet, life stack non exist. Water also provides an environment for the organisms that read it to live, as three quarters of the Earth be covered in pissing.Water is an beautiful solvent in general, including frigid molecules (eg. glycerin and sugars) and ions. This is because the irrigate molecules be attracted to, collect just about, and sepa cane/dissociate the atoms from all(prenominal) other (as the forces of draw poker among the negatively supercharged part of the water molecule and dictatorially charged sodium cation is greater than the forces of attraction between the sodium and chloride ions). at a time a chemical is free in its tooth root, it is then free to barf about and react with other chemicals most processes in organisms argon through with(p) via this way in solution. In stark contrast, non-polar molecules such as lipides argon insoluble in water when surrounded by water, they tend to be pushed in concert, as the water molecules become attracted to to each one other. This is extremely important in reactions such as hydrophobic interactions in protein structure (reactions where atoms dissociate from each other) and in membrane structure, as it increases the stability of these structures. Some molecules throw away fuddled intramolecular forces, and do not dissociate in water however, approximately do ingest charged regions on their bob up, which result in attracting a layer of water around the molecules. These regions attract water molecules, which are environ and are weakly bound to the molecule and shadownot move away from its surface this is known as a collo idal suspension. This helps create a niggardliness gradient for the process of osmosis, as it would for example, assist in drawing water into the blood vessels. Because water is such an effective solvent, it can transport prerequisite substances necessary for the functioning of cells/whole organisms eg. glucose, amino acids, gamys, vitamins, respiratory gases etc. Similarly, metabolous reactions (catalysed by enzymes) occur in solution. So, the charged nature of a water molecule style it can act as a solvent, an ingrained property to living organisms.Water is the transport medium in the blood, in the lymphatic, excretory and digestive systems of animals, and in the vascular tissues of plants. When minerals are absorbed by plants from the soil across root hairs, the minerals are in an aqueous solution of water. The water based movement of sugars, amino acids and hormones (eg. in phloem) and transpiration stream are also in solution. All the transport fluids apply in animals bi d cytoplasm, blood, plasma and tissue fluid are water based. Essential metabolites dismiss completely in water, like glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. Larger molecules like proteins are transported as colloids (molecules which are weakly bound to water molecules). Water be essential to the transportation of necessary substances correlates strongly to water being an excellent solvent, as it is mostly through solution that these substances can get to where they are required. However, water does keep back other properties which make it suitable for transportation the let out viscosity of water also enables it to flow easily through tubes eg. xylem vessels.Water is a polar molecule, in which it has both positively and negatively charged areas water consists of two positively charged hydrogen atoms and one negatively charged oxygen atom. As a result of this polarity, opposite (one positive hydrogen atom, one negative oxygen atom) water molecules are attracted to each other and a hydrogen bond is make. The individual hydrogen bonds are weak, but collectively they make water a very static medium eg. it remains a liquid over a unsubtle-eyed range of temperatures. This property is rattling to sustain life in all living organisms.Water is effective as a temperature regulator its superiorer(prenominal) specific estrus capacity (it takes 4.2 Joules of energy to raise one deoxyguanosine monophosphate of water by 1C it takes a lot of come alive energy to significantly raise the temperature of water) allows it to act as a buffer, a necessity in endothermic organisms that need to maintain a ceaseless body temperature in order to fulfil its enzyme potential, and indeed regulate metabolism. The superior amount of hydrogen bonds in water also makes it difficult for water molecules to evaporate when they eventually do, a high amount of energy is released, which in turn acts as a cooling mechanism this is crucial to life, as internal body temperature nee ds to be maintained at a constant temperature, any fluctuations can result in a breakdown of essential processes. It essential be reinforced that water is a polar molecule, which means it remains a liquid over a wide temperature range, which is good for metabolism and to ensure that aquatic animals in the ocean do not halt. Water actually has a high, latent heat of amalgamation from solid to liquid it requires 300 Joules per gram of ice to melt water, which means that water stays liquid. This is vital for cell cytoplasm, which is made of a high percentage of water once frozen, a cell would be discredited beyond repair. The freezing point of water is also lowered by solutes, as the soluble molecules disrupt the hydrogen bonds, making the water freeze at a lower temperature and easier to melt into ice. There are many an(prenominal) solutes in cytoplasm, ensuring the water will not freeze until well below 0C, protecting the cells. As water cools, its density increases, and the hydr ogen bonds between the water molecules take on a more(prenominal) latticed constitution (as ice). However, ice floats on the surface of water this must mean that it must have a lower density than water. Water is at its most dense at 4C this is because it is at this temperature that the bonds are walking(prenominal) together. When water freezes, the lattice arrangement of its structure loosens slightly, and it will float on the surface. Thereby, the layer of ice would insulate the water below, maintaining its temperature of 4C and aquatic life can continue.Water is useful in sexual reproduction, and is used by animals that use this to create offspring. Water brings male and female gametes together in the process of fertilisation, and in mammals, the foetus develops in a water filled amniotic sac, which provides both physical and thermal stability. Bryophytes (scientific terms for make for plants) release antherozoids (male gametes in plants) in moist conditions, which then use fl agella to float to oospheres by chemotaxis chemotaxis is the phenomenon in which bodily cells, bacteria, and other single-cell/multi-cellular organism can manoeuvre their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.Lipids constitute an essential component of a cell, and has tremendous biological importance. Triglycerides are a major group of lipids formed by the combination of three expandty acid molecules with one glycerol molecule and are the main source of energy in animals. adept gram of lipid on oxidation release 9.3 kilocalories of heat however, the corresponding amount of carbohydrate only release 4.5 kilocalories in comparison. These are implant in adipose tissue (occupying around 90% of the cell volume), which consists of fat cells designed for constant synthesis and decomposition of triglycerides by the enzyme lipase to produce high-caloric energy. A lot of migratory birds depend on their stored energy to fuel their languish distance flights. AT P (Adenosine triphosphate) can be produced when fatty acids are oxidised. Triglycerides can be easily stored as they are insoluble in water, centre they will not dissolve in anything but chloroform, ethanol and ether. This is receivable to the long hydrocarbon tails of the fatty acids (consists of a chain of carbon atoms have with hydrogen). Unlike polar water molecules, the fatty acid tails have no uneven distribution of electrical charge therefore, triglycerides will not mix freely with water molecules.An animal cell membrane is a flexible lipid bilayer. The lipid molecules (mostly phospholipids) that make up the membrane have a polar, hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. When the lipids are immersed in an aqueous solution, the lipids rapidly bury the tails together, and leave the hydrophilic heads exposed. This is therefore a very useful membrane, as it can easily mechanically repair itself if torn. There are three polar major types of lipid molecules phos pholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. Different membranes have different ratios of the three lipids. A special accept about these lipid membranes is the presence of different proteins on the surface, used for different functions such as cell surface receptors, enzymes, surface antigens, and transporters. Many of the membrane-associated proteins have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The hydrophilic regions are used to help base the protein inside of the cell membrane some proteins extend across the lipid bilayer, others cross the bilayer several times.Lipids are an excellent energy reserve, as they are very rich in carbon-hydrogen bonds, even more so than in carbohydrates. A given mass of lipid would thereby yield more energy on oxidation than the same mass of carbohydrate (it has a higher calorific value). Fat is stored in a number of places in the human body, especially just below the dermis of the skin and around the kidneys. Below the skin, it acts as an insulator agains t the loss of heat. Blubber is an example of a lipid found in sea mammals (eg. whales), which functions in both providing insularity and buoyancy. The myelin sheath is a dielectric material that is made up of approximately 80% lipid and 20% protein, and forms an insulating layer around the axon, as well as increasing the speed of impulses, due to there being gaps in the myelin sheath (nodes of Ranvier). Fat serves as a tutelary cushion and provides structural support to help prevent injury to vital organs, such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. In the lungs, surfactants are an example of a lipid barrier. Surfactants reduce tension, as without it, the wet surfaces of the alveoli in our lungs would stick together, and the lungs would not be able to expand, thus rendering breathing impossible. Fat insulates the body from heat loss and extreme temperature changes simultaneously, fat deposits under the skin may be metabolized to generate heat in response to lower skin temperatu res. Lipids can also act as a metabolic source of water when oxidised in respiration they are converted to carbon dioxide and water the water could be important in dry habitats eg. the desert kangaroo rat never drinks water, instead surviving on its metabolic water from its fat intake.SourcesWater = http//www.williamhoward.cumbria.sch.uk/intranet/Science/KS5/Abiology/Factsheets/factsheets1-72/Bio%20Press%20Factsheets/30%20water%20page%201.pdf, Biology 1 textbook

Female Sexuality & Desire in Chopins The Storm Essay -- Chopin Storm

pistillate Sexuality & Desire in Chopins The Storm In Kate Chopins time traditional patriarchal notions about women and sexuality deemed sexual passion a negligible, level off improper, aspect of womens lives. Yet Chopin boldly addresses a womans sexual desire in her short story The Storm. This story shockingly details a torrid extramarital sexual encounter between Calixta and Alcee in the thick of a raging storm. While this story line could waste been presented in a traditional light, perhaps as a lesson about the evils of unsuppressed female sexuality, Chopin maintains a non-judgmental stance by refraining from moralizing about the holiness of marriage or impropriety of Calixtas actions. In failing to condemn and in time condoning Calixtas actions, as well acknowledging the existence and depth of sexual desire in women, Chopin imbues The Storm with a strong feminist tone and calls the very universe of marriage into question. The mere presence of Calixtas sexual desire and certainly its marked intensity make this story revolutionary in its feminist control about female sexuality. Chopin uses the conceit of a thunderstorm to describe the development, peak, and reflux of passion in the encounter between Calixta and Alcee. At first, Calixta is unaware of the draw close storm, just as her sexual desire might be on an unconscious level yet, as the storm approaches, Calixta go ups warm and damp with perspiration. Chopin by choice juxtaposes these two events when she writes that Calixta, felt very warm...she unfastened her white saque at the throat. It began to grow dark and suddenly realizing the situation she got up and hurriedly went about gag law windows and doors (282). The gathering storm serves as ... ...s Chopin expresses in this story would certainly have seemed outrageous to her contemporary society and would have been grounds for an almost oecumenical condemnation of Chopin and her work. She daringly celebrates female sexuality and uses this celebration as a feminist assertion about womens equal potentialities and rights to express themselves and experience pleasure. That either one was happy when the storm passed suggests that revolutionizing traditional concepts of gender and marriage give change everyones, especially womens, lives for the better. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Storm A Sequel to The Cadian Ball. Kate Chopin The wake up and Selected Stories. New York Penguin, 1984. 281-86. Gilbert, Sandra M. Introduction The Second Coming of Aphrodite. Kate Chopin The Awakening and Selected Stories. New York Penguin, 1984. 7-33.

The Dangers of Ritalin :: Argumentative Health ADD Essays

The p bents of six year old James Patrick Smith nab a ph angiotensin converting enzyme callfrom the school guidance guidance inform them of their childs recenthyperactive behavior. After a short conference, the guidance counselor suggeststo the parents a solution for young James problem as a result, the familyvisits their family animate and the doctor diagnoses James with wariness DeficitDisorder (ADD) during a one hour appointment. To remedy the trouble, the doctorprescribes the savior drug for ADD patients children are almost always fedthe drug methylphenidate, a prescription medicine that packs a strong euphoric punch(Machan 151). The preceding hypothetical touch commonly occurs in theUnited States at a growing pace which may be too fast for the nation to contain.The over-prescription of the drug methylphenidate to correct ADD produces many an(prenominal) negative boldness effects upon patients and society.In the vast market of prescription drugs, methylphenidate, one of the mosthighly utilise drugs, also carries with it some of the greatest medical drawbacks.ADD or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stands tall as Americasnumber one psychiatric disorder (Hancock 52). Estimates suggest that more thantwo million children live with the disorder in addition, according to Dr.Daniel Safer of Johns Hopkins University, over 1.3 million regularly consumeRitalin for treatment of ADD (Hancock 52). Ritalin appears to be a popular prime(prenominal) for doctors, but the daily effects of the drug, which family physiciansdo not see, creates questions as to how easy the drug actually works.Scientifically know as methylphenidate, Ritalin stimulates the fundamental nervoussystem with similarities to amphetamines in the nature and extent of itseffects furthermore, it supposedly activates the brain stem arousal system andthe cerebral cortex (Bailey 3). The bring up factor remains that doctors andresearchers are not sure of what precisely occurs when Ri talin invades the humanbody. Hancock notes that no definite long-term studies exist to visualise parentsthat Ritalin does not cause more or less carnage in their child, nor does anydisease accompany prolonged usage (52). examen results released by the FederalDrug Administration (FDA) in February 1996, show a study of mice in which a rareform of liver crabmeat arose as a result of Ritalin however, the FDA stillregards Ritalin as safe and effective (Hancock 56). Offering almost as manyside effects as the number of people who take the drug, Ritalin alters manydifferent aspects of the body. Just a few symptoms cited by Bailey includenervousness, insomnia, difference of appetite, dizziness, heart palpitations,headaches, extreme weight loss, skin rashes, possible psychotic episodes, and toilsome withdrawals (3).

Rships after Downsizing :: essays research papers

ORGANIZATIONAL VIRTUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPS AFTER retrenchmentTHE PREVALENCE OF furloughBEFORE 911Almost all medium and king-sized firms downsized in the perish five years.More than 90 percent of firms downsized in the last five years. A large majority downsized more than once in the last ten years.Downsizing is not a one-time action. some 62 percent of firms that downsized two years ago downsized again last year.Downsizing is not motivated solely by bad stinting news.Only 37 percent of firms downsized last year because of economic difficulties compared to 71 percent at the beginning of the 1990s. Only five percent downsized because of reduced foodstuff demand.In one third of all U.S. households, a family particle lost a job.Nearly three quarters of all U.S. households had a close encounter with layoffs in the last decade.AFTER 911The number of layoffs has equaled the constitutional of all previously announced layoffs for the year. 416,000 lost jobs in September alone.RESULTS OF DOWNSIZING IN AMERICAFewer than half the companies that downsized between 1990 and 2000 had short or long-term profit increases.Fewer than a quarter reported increases in employee productivity, product and service quality, and shareholder value.Three years after downsizing, the market share prices of downsized companies were an average of 26 percent below the share prices of their competitors.Among companies that downsized, those that rigid off the fewest workers exhibited the largest return on assets.Almost all organizations that downsizedin the public sector and the private sectorexperienced an emergence of the blue dozen as a result of downsizing.THE DIRTY DOZEN popular Consequences of Downsizing, Trauma, CrisisCentralizationThe Threat-Rigidity Response firing of InnovativenessDecreasing MoralePoliticized Environment outlet of TrustIncreased ConflictRestricted CommunicationLack of TeamworkLoss of LoyaltyScapegoating Leaders Leadership AnemiaShort-ter m Perspective defense to Change THE ABUNDANCE HYPOTHESIS A decade of downsizing seek led to the supposition that organizations characterized by virtuous behavior would predict best carrying into action after downsizing. Impressionistic data led to the presumption that indicators of performance such as employee satisfaction, productivity, quality, organizational innovation, and shareholder value would increase all over timeand the dirty dozen would decreasein organizations that fostered and facilitated the demonstration of organizational virtues.In fact, a few firms were observed that displayed positive deviance, that is, an affirmative riddance to usual organizational behavior. They possessed characteristics that seemed to foster extraordinary value, remarkable performance, and in high spirits levels of excellence. Especially on the human dimension, they engendered virtuousness in relationships and in handling of people. When they downsized they did so with caring and compa ssion.