Delusions of Grandeur †My Summer in Greece :: Personal Narrative

Delusions of aristocracy My Summer in GreeceIt is the lawlessness of Greece that attracts both travelers and forbiddencasts. They arrive on convey boats with the eagerness of immigrants, drunk with notions of escape and pleasure. This hedonistic lure of the Greek islands is removed removed from the academic splendor of mainland Europe. In myth, Greece is a land command by the selfish whimsy of the gods, and this climate of self-indulgence blows across the Ionian island of Corfu want a frolicking wind. Teetering, as it does, on the far edge of horse opera civilization, Corfu presents itself as a haven or a refuge, depending on whizzs orientation as traveler or derelict. Here, travelers can brave out their adolescent fantasies and outcasts can be gods. The playground of these gods, the Mount Olympus of debauchery, spills carry out the steep east coast of Corfu like a glob of Pepto Bismolthe intercept Palace. I came to the Pink Palace in late May, one of a steady trickle of off-season travelers who had arrived just in time to enjoy the cobblers last of the cool nights before the torrent of peak season vacationers, drawn by the summer heat, filled the island to capacity. The last leg of a nine-month solo dispatch through Europe, the Pink Palace was my last indulgence in independence before I flew home to start college. On paper, the resort looked like Paradisethe very leaflet seemed virginal with ambrosia. Pictures of gleeful scuba divers, big cliffs that fell into the Ionian Sea and sunny rooms lured me from the mainland. But the brochures utopian promiseIdeally situated on the litoral of Agios Gordios beach, the Palace assures a stay that youll never forgetturned out to be, at best, a euphemistic appraisal of the jarring reality that await me. The Pink Palace was a glaring twentieth-century smear on an other than primitive landscape. At night, the profusion of light and music that came from the resort was as obnoxious and out of place as the sickly pink beautify structure that scarred the green hillside. Self-indulgence came in liquid organize at the Pink Palace, with names like Ouzo, Blowjobs, B-52s, Kamikazes, and Alabama Slammers. Having dutifully saturated themselves with the culture of the mainland, my fellow guests now allowed themselves the corporeal pleasure of drunken oblivion.

Virtual Child Ages 11-16

Maureen Gillespie PSY 206 Dr. Greenspan Montgomery County lodge College April 15, 2013 Assignment 2 Adolescence is defined as the transition between childhood and adulthood. M any(prenominal) transmutes happen at this stage. Adolescence involves things such as puberty, greater independency, and a time when more or lessone begins to construct their identicalness. Identity means their life none value and goals including a secure sense of who they be in terms of sexual, vocational, and righteous ethics. In the next few paragraphs I will be discussing my virtual(prenominal) Child, Maeve as she went by means of adolescence (ages 11- 16).I am way step up to delve into the different changes I saw in her and how they re late(a) to theories proposed by Piaget, Erikson, Marcia, and Gardner. Each theory deals with victimization finished adolescence and will help give a better apprehension of this time in Maeves life. According to Piaget, around age 11 young volume enter the for mal operational stage. Here they produce the capacity for abstr good turn, systematic, scientific thinking. Whereas concrete operational children can operate on reality, formal operational adolescents can operate on operations. They can flummox up with new, more general logical rules through reflection, rather than bonny using concrete things as objects of thought. (p. 301). Formal operational thought invokes literal reasoning about abstract concepts. Adolescents doing things such as natural philosophy are examples of their operating within this stage. Maeve eternally did well in her math and erudition grades but, by 10th grade she was very enthusiastic about physics. She charge went and entered one of her science projects into a county-wide science fair. Maeve has to a fault taken, and done well, in art since the 7th grade.At age 14, Maeves English class required she throw in a poem into a crop-wide contest. Maeves poem took home first institutionalize in the contest, an d her work was placed in a state-wide contest. Her work on art and poetry were reflections of her inside(a) feelings and were not just focused on concrete objects. As Maeve grew cognitively through this stage of her adolescence, she also went through a great deal of emotional and social change. These changes were obvious to us as her parents. These changes were signs that she could think logic all toldy and scientifically and was trying to put it all together to form her have got identicalness.Identity is defined as a well-organized creative activity of the self, consisting of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly committed. Erikson was the first to recognize identity as the major(ip) personality achievement of adolescence and as a crucial step toward decent a productive, content adult. (p. 314) Identity is planted in an individual earlier in life, but it is not until late adolescence and early adulthood that people really take on the task and delve in to finding their own identity.By age 12, Maeve began to argue with us over little things such as clothes, bedtime, and household chores. These werent things we usually argued over, in fact we rarely argued at all, but as she changed emotionally, so did our arguments. She would talk frequently about what is and isnt fair. Her moral tuition was forming as she started to differentiate her thoughts uniform this. As Maeve progressed through adolescence, she continued to grow morally and socially, but remained relatively easy going and well-behaved. She did well in groom, saved her money, and was involved in after school activities.By the time she was 16, these actions proved she was responsible, and after practicing with me, she went for her driving test. She was just like any other teenager who wanted to hang out, go shopping, and drive around. But, she silent always checked-in with us and was rarely late. She had begun to find her identity through independence and was doing well. Maeve was involved with sports and was looking happily ahead on her path towards college. But, late in 11th grade, Maeve started to change for what could have been the worse.She had quarrels with girlfriends, engaged in a few senseless pranks, and began to date boys. At one point, as an act of defiance, she ran off with her boyfriend and they both got matching tattoos. During the times when she was feeling down, she wouldnt talk much, but always knew she could. But, when Maeve was ready to talk, she was confident in herself and what she stood for. era her decisions werent always that irresponsible, we still found that we didnt always equalize with her. But for Maeve, she seemed to make out she was in a trial and error phase angle of growing up and had to see what worked for her.We had to let her develop that. Much like Maeves trial and error phase, Eriksons theory of identity versus affair confusion explains psychological conflict of adolescence. This theory states that this co nflict is obstinate positively when adolescents achieve an identity after a end of geographic expedition and inner soul searching. If a young persons earlier conflicts were resolved negatively or if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires, they may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of late adulthood. p. 314). Maeve luckily didnt make legion(predicate) choices that were resolved negatively. These social and emotional changes werent always easy for the lie of the family to deal with, but they were a part of her growth. With us there to allow nurturing support, she was able to develop her own healthy identity after her period of soul searching. Researchers commonly evaluate progress in identity development on two key criteria derived from Eriksons theory. These two criteria are exploration and commitment. Marcia yielded from this, four identity statuses. These four statuses are identity achievement, ident ity moratorium, identity foreclosure, and identity diffusion. Identity moratorium is exploration without commitment to value, foreclosure is commitment in the absence of exploration, and diffusion is an apathetic state where you dont commit or explore. The following example shows how Maeve does not fit into either of these categories. As you know from previous examples, Maeve explored many an(prenominal) social and behavioral changes in her adolescence. One conversation sits with me the most. I had a conversation once with Maeve after she was off the school bus in about 10th grade.She described a federal agency where she had a conversation with a good friend, heard her friends values, didnt agree, and respectfully listened while providing feedback as necessary. She came home to tell me all about her values and how she didnt openly or rudely guard her friend just because her friend thought differently than she did. She also didnt change her own values because of this. This is a p erfect example of identity achievement which is defined as a commitment to values, beliefs, and goals, following a period of exploration. Maeve stayed true ith these beliefs, stayed on track with her goals in life, and is all situate to go to the college of her dreams, because that is what she values. In looking at adolescence it is important to look at how they develop their intelligence. Howard Gardner developed a theory about various intelligences. He articulated seven criteria for a behavior to be considered intelligence. These were that the intelligences showed 1. Potential for originator isolation by brain damage, 2. Place in evolutionary history, 3. aim of core operations, 4. Susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression), . A distinct developmental progression, 6. The conception of savants, prodigies and other exceptional people, 7. Support from experimental psychology and psychometric findings. Gardner chose cardinal abilities that he held to meet these criteria spat ial, linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. I believe that Maeves highest intelligences are logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal. She excels in her school work and is involved in higher level physics than that of her grade level.She participates in science fairs and enjoys using her mind to solve problems. She has always been a social butterfly and enjoys the outdoors. While she did play an instrument for some time, she didnt enjoy it and wouldnt be considered the musical type. While she is unified when playing sports, she has more than once ran into the trash cans while backing out of our driveway which would make me say she is not of the spatial intelligence. I also would consider a weaker intelligence for her to be linguistics. While she is intelligent it is not her strongest suit, as she isnt the most eloquent speaker.In conclusion, there are many factors that come into play when a ch ild is growing through adolescence. They change emotionally, spiritually, mentally, and physically. All of this is to work towards gaining a sense of self and identity to channelize with them through adulthood. By taking the time and letting your child go through these phases with your background support, you are preparing your child to take on their world. References * Berk, L. E. (2010). Exploring life sentence development. (2nd ed. ). Illinois Pearson College Div.

Analysis of Video “The World is Flat” Essay

Key issues or Problems in the videoThe title The beingness is Flat was taken from a statement by Nandan Nilekani, the former Infosys (an Indian IT company) CEO. It seems like if hadnt met Nandan then he wouldnt have level written this book. He talks or so Ameri toilettes and the develop world only when hypothecates almost nothing about Africa, Europe & antiophthalmic factor Australia. The military personnel is unconditional applies repair to community with similar figure of economic conditions. In developing world, a big portion of population is poor or a lot below poverty line as per American standard. Their first argufy is access to food and Education. How could they be part of level playing playing study and make this world plane. Friedman says first that Nineteenth century belonged to English, Twentieth hundred to USA and Twenty first Century to China. Friedman argues that latest period of globalization depart be spearheaded by Individuals. He just made this s urmisal after meeting the cab driver in Budapest & international ampere Peruvian Dishware seller who have their own websites. The percentage of people doing their own business like this is still extremely low to contract that the era belongs to them. It feels like an exaggeration.Its conflicting that on one hand, he says twenty-first century belongs to China and on the other hand, he says latest age of globalization (which is now) will be spearheaded by Individuals. I cant accept his methods and question his research and interview process. Friedman is stating something without actually based on real documented facts, but on talks with friends and CEOs he visits. By what it leaves out, it does nothing more than misinform the people around the World. In the end, he talks about Green New Clean energy which kind of feel out of context from the main topic. Critique of video, Supporting arguments, rebuttals of ideas I think there is a lot to criticize about the ikon The World is Flat. F riedmans view of the globalized world is often ghost with the successful multinational corporations of India. In the video he talks about individuals or free performers, but being a free agent is riskier. Free agents will not have fixed salary and health care benefits ( ancestry Brown, C.V.).If there is a free agent in India, he cant work for American company without Social earnest Number for Tax purposes. 90% of the worlds telephone calls, lucre traffic, and investments are local, suggesting that this Video has overstated the trends. His talk of a new flat world where information, money, ideas, and people can move worldwide faster than onwards is unreal, we just see a fraction of what he describes globalization (Refer Sourcewiki). Globalization causes unemployment here in America. It is shipping jobs outside America where its palmy to find cheap labor.The winners will be capitalists worldwide causing income inconsistency everywhere. This would imply that Globalization w ill make the world NON-Flat rather. He talks about mashing the two specializations together which doesnt always give the better result. Actions I would take next and why or personal regard dealing with the issues The video presents more of an American perspective. Friedmans work explanation has been mostly with The NY Times, and has definitely affected the way due to which he thinks this way. I would have liked his ideas in a more inclusive vocalize to show the whole Worlds perspective. I would encourage pretty trade instead of free trade.If we put his claims to test against documented facts. It will not pass. I would have liked more research and references. World will be actually a level playing field when everybody will have a fair opportunity to Education & Resource of Technology. If I make a website and start selling say Baseball bats. First of all, there will be a Brand position issue that is why would people come to me instead of going to Store like Sports Authority or so where they can try and test things before buying. Secondly, In real world, its hard to be an Individual and manage the whole thing like getting the stuff and nonsense made in foreign countries, handle the custom portion, get it shipped etc. on your own.Sources(2014, May 9). The World is Flat. Retrieved Jun 7, 2011 from Wiki http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Is_Flat Brown, C.V., Dehayes, D.W., Hoffer, J.A., Martin, E.W., & Perkins, W.C. (2012). Managing information technology (7th ed.) Managing IT in a digital world. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

To What Extent Did the American Revolution?

DbKatie Gordon APUSH Mr. Vieira September 24, 2012 DBQ To what extent did the Ameri force out renewing fundamentally form American society? In your answer, be sure to send for the political, neighborly and scotch effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800. after(prenominal) the American Revolution, Americans, who were free of British control, started to reevaluate politics, the economy and society. After suspension away from what they thought was a corrupt and evil dominatement, Americans changed how they wanted to govern their society, even though they ultimately reverted to a more than centralized political sympathies similar to Britain.The uneducated masses, as viewed by the elite, didnt sire a lot of change though the ideals from the renewing lock away guided nearly to seek better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalist experienced a immense amount of change in society as women experienced more freedoms, many slaves were set free, and l oyalist left America. Overall, America didnt experience a lot of economic change, but it did experience, to varying degrees, political and social change. Politically speaking, the Americans did non want their government to resemble that of the British government.Which brings just about the development of the Articles of Confederation. However, there were many holes in the Articles there was no administrator branch, the federal government could not implement taxes and overall the government did not have much centralized strength. Everyone knew that a change needed to be supplemented and quick. This brings about the writing and ratification of the Constitution. In order to persuade states to sign on the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton wrote and circulated the Federalist Papers.James Madison as well as writes, ambition must be do to counteract ambition (Document I), insinuating the system of checks and balances that the Constitution insures. This active separation of power was pivotal in the ratification of the Constitution, which contrasted the American government from the British government. Americans did not experience much change economically. The Philadelphia society for the promotion of agriculture in 1786, handed out a medal, which said, venerate the plough (Document F). This demonstrates how the elite were still rewarding the common people who werent financially better run into than before the revolution.Similarly, in Shays Rebellion farmers led by the ex-military officer stopped the courts of justice in several countiescrying out for a paper currency, or for an equal distribution of power (Document G). A particular recitation of the downfall of American economy was Shays rebellion. This represented economic strife that the common people were enduring and ultimately rebelled. Two all-important(prenominal) socio-economic issues the founding fathers discussed were the rights of women and slavery. Womens roles increased greatly during the revoluti on. While me were away fighting or running the country, women were at home running and defending the farm.This can be seen in the woodcut (Document A) and in Abigail Adams letter to Thomas Jefferson (Document G). Women had, for a time, the right to vote in New Jersey. The revolution also increased the education of women and encouraged them to be more voluminous in public life. However, all women were not content to go covert to their household chores after the revolution as seen by Molly Wallace who says if taught to read, wherefore not speak? (Document J), illustrating how some women wanted to further their domestic roles and capriole a larger role in society.Women were not ultimately tending(p) the right to vote until many years later, but that foundation started during the American Revolution. The practice of slavery was common during the time period of the American Revolution in the colonies and in Europe. At the time, it was the primary economic engine in the south and C aribbean. American revolutionaries thought about the morals of slavery, but were uneffective to change much at this time. However, slavery could be banned in the northwesterly Territories, where it wasnt too important to that regions economy.The Northwest Ordinance specifically says, There shall be neither slavery nor instinctive servitude in said territory (Document H). Although the revolution was not directly qualified to ban slavery, it cased the issue and allowed future generations to solve it. The revolution also enabled religious freedom to be written into the fabric of our nation. Many European nations had state religions of this time. Some of the first settlers to the colonies came in search of religious freedom. However, some of them instituted theocratic governments once here. But the revolution showed that America was a run pot of ideas and people.They believed that our government should not sponsor one particular religion. Virginia enacted such a law in 1786. Polit ically Americans experienced some change by forging a new government even though they revised it in the end. Economically, the common people, who fought for better lifestyles, still lived under the slant of the elites. However a significant amount of change occurred for women, slaves and loyalist, although the loyalist beat in changed in society in a very invalidating manner. In these ways American society experienced change in respect to political and social life, but not economically.

Biblical Terms Used in Counseling Essay

Dr. William Roberts LaTonia Watkins Liberty University COUN 501 declination 18, 2009 Abstract The topic of pleader has been up for discussion for sometime as it relates to the spiritual or scriptural aspect versus the worldview or secular concept. at that place has been some disagreement in regards to whether or not wholeness merchantman be a Christian managementor who have a take aim of morals and ethics that impart allow them to not let their give birth personal beliefs affect the level of service they provide, when faced with an issue that goes against their beliefs.Upon conducting a biblical denomination search for counsel or steering link up hurt it becomes evident that the core principles and rigation of rede is found passim the bible. The information obtained will detail the usefulness of the volume in kind in a importful as well as stiff counseling profession. scriptural Terms Used In way in that respect has been much dispute as to the usefulness and val idity for employ biblical concepts in counseling.The most common disagreement is found between counseling professionals and Christian counseling professionals. Pride (2006) states, psychology approaches human behavior from a secular, humanistic placement. Accordingly, scriptural revelation is ir pertinent to consciousness or ever-changing human behavior. Psychology seeks to describe and explain human behavior isolated from what divinity has readablely revealed. Its premises are derived from man-made theories, human lore and research conducted with come out of the closet a corresponding search for truth as deity defines truth.Clinton and Ohlschlager (2002) have a different opinion of counseling and prefer using the record stating secular psychology begins with a study of mans ideas Biblical counseling begins with a study of the interchange of theology as it relates to human behavior and human contract. Therefore it is dependent upon the revealed mind of divinity fudge ra ther than the easily deceived mind of man. However it does not begin with idol, it conserves a path that lines up with the Word of idol and examines mans problems in light of Gods responses.The ii aforementioned viewpoints are clear cut examples of the differences in opinions and viewpoints for counseling from a secular perspective as well as the religious perspective. An another(prenominal) view of counseling attempts to unify religion/biblical views or perspectives with psychological counseling which is known as the secular-humanist view. Some view counseling as a process of prayerfully and sensitively listening to another person (Proverbs 1813, 17), helping discern person needs and providing biblical advice towards changing the attitudes and behaviors towards modeling God.The goal of this paper is to parade the validity of the leger as a source for counseling and to splay the overall view of counseling perspectives. By examining lecture and concepts in the Bible as the y relate to counseling the relationship between the two will be discovered. Using Biblical concepts adds depth and enriches the counseling relationship (Pride, 2006). alike addressed in this paper will be the ways of Biblical harm and their relationship to modern counseling concepts. Biblical counseling terms can provide a useful tool for counseling as well as allows for an under(a)standing of counseling concepts in the field of counseling.Biblical Words Related to Counseling Counsel The term counsel is found to be translated 80 times throughout the might pile recitation of the bible which includes 74 verses between the venerable volition and the New Testament combined. According to the word search the term counsel is employ interchangeably with several terms in the bible such as pop the question (Qal), consult (Nipal) and conspire (Hithpael). Judges 185 They said, Oh, good- inquire of God for us. Find out whether our mission will be a success. In this passage they are d esire (consult) God for his guidance ( talk over) in regards to the yield of their mission.I faggots 128-9 But he rejected the counsel of the elders and asked the unripened men hed grown up with who were now currying his favor, What do you think? What should I say to these lot who are saying, give us a break from your overprotects harsh ways- lighten up on us? This passage also shows an example of someone seeking advice in their situation. Mark 36 The Pharisees got out as straightaway as they could, sputtering about how they would join forces with Herods following and ill-use him. This scripture details how the Pharisees consulted together and decide that they would join forces with Herods followers and go against savior.John 1814 It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it was to their advantage that one man die for the people. In this scripture Caiaphas is advising (counseling) the people on saviour dying for the people. Advise The word advise has 947 different tr anslations in 873 versus in the tabby James Version of the Bible and is derived from the Hebrew word ya-ats, meaning to know, learn to know, to perceive, see and discern, to name a few. These translations were only referenced to the Old Testament harmonise to Blue Letter Bible however afterwards cross referencing with Crosswalk, New Testament scriptures were listed as well.Exodus 1819 Now listen to me. Let me tell you how to do this so that God will be in this with you. Be there for the people onward God, but let the matters of job be presented to God. This scripture details Moses father in law advising him to be there for the people, however to allow God to handle everything and work things out for them. I Kings 126 King Rehoboam talked it over with the elders who had advised his father when he was alive. Whats your counsel? How do you suggest that I answer the people? In this scripture the King is seeking to be counseled and advised from the elders as to how he should treat the people.Acts 2121 Theyve been told that you advise believing Jews who live surrounded by Gentiles to go light on Moses, telling them that they dont need to cut their children or keep up the old traditions. This isnt sitting at all well with them. In this scripture they are discussing getting advise as to whether they should follow the traditional teachings of Moses and allow their children to be circumcised or if they should go against tradition. Help The word help appears 126 times in 117 versus throughout the King James Version of the Bible the Old and New Testament according to Blue letter Bible.Help is listed as to help (Qal), succor (Niphal), or support (Hiphil) which is defined as to give or provide what is required to accomplish a task or satisfy a need to contribute strength or means to render assistance to to support effectively (Webster 2005). Genesis 218 God said, Its not good for the Man to be alone Ill make him a helper, a companion. In this scripture help is b eing used in the form of God giving Adam a companion in order for him to no longer be alone. Mark 924 No sooner were the words out of his mouth than the father cried, indeed I believe.Help me with my doubts In this scripture the father of the demon feature boy was seeking Jesus help with casting the demon out of his son. The father was acknowledging that he had a need of Jesus and that he knew that Jesus could help him, although a part of him had doubts, I would venture to say it was because the disciples had try to cast the demon out of the boy and were unable to do so. Advice The word advice appears 9 times in 9 versus in the King James Version of the Bible and is derived from the Hebrew word dabar, meaning speech, word, speaking, thing.II Samuel 1943 And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said , We have ten part in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye wherefore then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in pitch back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel. In this scripture they are seeking advice as to why they were not desire out first as to the decision regarding bringing back the king. I Corinthians 110 I have a serious concern to bring up with you, my friends, using the authority of Jesus, our Master.Ill put it as urgently as I can You must get on with each other. You must learn to be considerate of one another, cultivating a life in common. In this scripture Paul is giving the people advice on getting along with each other and learning to be considerate. Discussion After completing this assignment and getting the information and intimacy gained from this course I can say that my view of counseling has changed. Although I have read the bible many times, and I am pickings up Professional Counseling, it did not occur to me until this assignment how the bible is decidedly the foundation for any counseling practice.When you look at some o f the terms used to describe Jesus in the text,( i. e. Master, Teacher, Counselor, etc. ) it puts things in to perspective as to where the foundation of counseling began. Jesus is the central focus of counseling and the exemplar of the Wonderful Counselor. The Bible is about counseling, giving both understanding of people and methods of ministering to people. The fear of God is the beginning of sapience, and wisdom is the only sacred goal of counseling. (Carson, 2005). The Bible is authoritative, relevant and comprehensively suitable for counseling.God has communicate to every issue that humans could possible face in the 66 Books of the Bible, which establishes the goal of counseling, how to change, what the role of the counselor is, counseling methods and so much more. The Bibles view of counseling defines a distinctive ideal for how we as humans should live. The image of Christ is a familiar item in Christian profession, but its implications are often ignored when it comes to c ounseling. Much of the worry of counseling consists in sustaining suffers in hope through the comforts of the gospel.Counseling is simply the personalized ministry of the Bible, tailored to the particular situations and problems of individuals and small groups. In Genesis, God led the way when he was talking to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden regarding the decision they made to disobey his word and follow the serpent. Although this is a clear cut example of God counseling the two (advising, consulting, teaching, helping, etc. ), I dont think we (society) really looks at this situation in regards to a counseling aspect.Models of spiritual counseling in the Bible can serve as important templates for counseling in the professional (secular) as well as the Christian aspects. The emphasis on communication and relationships implies the concept of involvement which is dependent on availability to council (Acts 2031) and the importance of balance in the process of counseling, (Galatians 62 and 65). Conclusion There are so many more words that are found in the counseling sector that are used throughout the Bible this paper only included a few. Hathaway (2009) duologue about Proverbs and Psalms being gold mines of wisdom and consolation relevant to counseling.The words from the Bible relating to counseling enhances counseling and are deemed appropriate as they relate to counseling outside the Christian realm. A concern that arose eyepatch doing the research is that the Biblical counseling aspect is non-subjective and refers to the counsel and the instructive billet of God through the Holy Spirit. Biblical words in counseling are the foundation from where counseling stems, which reiterates that there is nothing new under the sun as it relates to what can be found in the Word of God. McMinn (1996 )states scripture and the counseling approach God enjoins, treats all of human life.The Bibles counseling, on which we must seek to model our own counseling, speaks to the gamut of problems in living. Scripture comforts the disturbed and disturbs the comfortable, turning people from foolishness to wisdom in every area e. g. , learning to conciliate and to build constructive relationships in family, church, workplace, and neighborhood attitudes and practices regarding finances and material possessions responding to physical health or illness, to wealth or poverty, to success or failure, to acceptance or rejection self-and other deception addictive behaviors the gamut of emotions, whether dysphoric (e. . , anger, depression, anxiety, fear, guilt) or euphoric (e. g. , love, happiness, joy, gratitude, confidence) decision-making the response to vile and bereavement and so forth. In relation to using the Bible as a counseling tools it is best summed by Walker (2005) the Bible is sufficient to provide a systematic approach to counseling. The Bible provides and models both counsel and counseling, teaching us to do likewise, with the intention of changing a nd sustaining people.

Country Review: China Essay

The year 2008 has been a colorful year for china, with a jalopy of imports to highlight the hoidenish all year round. The Olympic Games was one of its or so successful endeavors for the year. But the area in any caseful had its share of controversies this year, alike(p) issues on nourishment contamination and more(prenominal) more. Before the Olympic Games kicked off, one of the issues being discussed was the quality of Chinas air. It is very important since the Olympic Games is a major sports event. In an name from BBC modernistics, China has confirmed that the air quality of the host city superior of Red China has been good (Bristow).The pollution level of the theatre was able to meet the anticipate standards on every day that the event and this is the output of extensive measures make in order to reduce the emissions during the Olympic Games. An different historic event for China was the countrys first successful spacewalk, which was a protrude of a 68-hour voy age in space. All three astronauts successfully returned to the capital of Red China Aerospace Center after(prenominal) their three day mission in satellite space(Yinan). China was the third country to conduct a spacewalk, behind the unify States of America and Russia.The crew of Shenzhou VII safely landed in the upcountry Mongolia autonomous region, marking the end of their space escapade which has started on folk 25, 2008. In relation to the two precedent tidings articles, China had becoming reason to celebrate its National Day last Monday because of their hosting of the Olympic Games in Beijing and the countrys first ever spacewalk. In a yahoo News article, China highlighted on these two events as their biggest triumphs for the year, despite other issues like natural calamities, ethnic problems, and food safety scandals (Chang).In Chinese Premier Wen Jiabaos address, he touched gently on the calamities and problems but gave focus on Chinas index to take care of all th ese issues. The 59th founding anniversary of the Peoples Republic of China is this coming Wednesday, and it would also mark thirty capacious time of economic reforms, turning the country into one of the worlds longst grind floors. One of the calamities that shook China this year was a 7. 8 order earthquake last horrible 12.In a BBC News article, it was account that almost 900 students are buried in a school mental synthesis that collapsed when it was hit by the killer quake (BBC News Hundreds Buried by China Quake). The quake hit Sichuan provinces capital Chengdu, claiming hundreds of lives instantly. The rubbles of the Juyuan Middle Schools building buried a lot of teenagers, some of which are still alive and desperately crying for help. president Hu Jintao immediately ordered an all out effort to help and return the victims of the killer earthquake.In another BBC News article dated August 10, 2008, seven militants and a security guard immediately died after a series of bo mbings hit west China, specifically in the northwest area of the Xinjiang region (BBC News Deadly Violence shoots West China ). These acts of hysteria targeted a police station and other populated areas. Xinjiang has a large population of Muslim Uighurs, and some of them are separatists, fighting for independence and waging imprint level campaigns against the Chinese rule for several years already. In the setting of foreign affairs, China also had its share of problems.In a chawbacon News article dated family line 29, Chinese Prime pastor Wen Jabao said that there is a need for more duologue regarding Irans nuclear program, rather than pressuring them more ( yokel News). He regarded that major powers like China should focus more on pursuing calm dialogue to countries such as Iran, rather than resorting to the use of force and intimidation. He is more foc employ on the resolution of the problem in a peaceful way, rather than being rash and using force, which would just heig hten the tensions amidst the countries. gibe to the Prime Minister, Iran has the right to develop and utilize nuclear dexterity under the norms set by the international community, as long as they dont build weapons of mass destruction like atomic bombs. The Prime Minister also suggested that these actions should be under close watching by the UNs atomic watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency. China was also stirred by the increasing oil prices. In a BBC News article, Chinas trade surplus was greatly affected by the increasing oil bells, wherein it fell 10% in may (BBC News Oil Costs Hit China Trade superfluous).The main reason for this is the drastic increase in the cost of merchandise energy such as oil, and other raw materials being used by the country. However, reports showed that despite Chinas surplus is slowed, it still remains high compared to other countries. This is a manifestation of Chinese economys resilience despite some slowdowns in other countries li ke the United States. Experts said that exporting components were expected to slow down throughout the year because of the increasing cost of oil, but so far China has been doing well.In the wellness boldness China has experienced several problems throughout the year. In a Los Angeles times article dated May 4, 2008, China issues a virus prompt after 23 people were killed and left 4,000 others sick (Demick). The Chinese health Ministry issued a nationwide alert so that people would be intercommunicate and to fend off the possibility of a cover-up. The cause of the problem was the Enterovirus-71, which has also claimed lives in neighboring countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and Vietnam.This virus is a perennial case in Asia, especially in the hot and humid summer months. more(prenominal) deaths are expected, as the disease usually peaks in the Months of June and July, as the health Ministry warned. This has caused a lot of people to be cautious, wherein very few chi ldren or infants are seen on the streets, and even adults are even afraid to go out of their houses as they greatly fear the killer disease. The virus is characterized by occurrence of fever, and the development of sores in the mouth and facial area, and with blistery rashes.According to the World Health Organization, most cases are not fatal, as long as the people maintain a good hygiene. One of the most controversial issues faced by China this year was substandard food and other products that they import. In an article in The Guardian, dated April 22, 2008, China issues throw away threat in their new food safety law (Branigan). This new drafted law states that the manufacturers who produce food items which are substandard could be approach a life behind bars if proven guilty.This is the disposals response to allegations that the country is lenient in the aspect of food safety, thats why producers would often take advantage of the situation and produce garble baby formula, dru gs, and even toys with dangerous materials. This law would encompass not moreover food products but also cosmetics in order for them to boost the authorisation of domestic consumers. The latest of Chinas substandard products scandals was the discovery of melamine in various food items, especially in milk products.cyanuramide is a binding agent for boards and fibers, and is also an ingredient in making fertilizers. In an article in the M&C Health News dated September 19, 2008, Chinese health inspectors found melamine in fresh milk of three leading manufacturers in the country (M&C Health News). This testing and inspection was a government response to the contaminated milk scandal which has claimed the lives of several infants in the previous days. This has lead to nationwide inspection of milk and milk products, and many companies confirm already ordered a recall for their products in the world market. whole caboodle Cited BBC News. Deadly Violence Hits West China . 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. <http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7551954. stm>. . Hundreds Buried by China Quake. 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. <http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7395496. stm>. . Oil Costs Hit China Trade Surplus. 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. <http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/business/7447786. stm>. Branigan, Tania. China Issues Jail Threat in New Food Safety Law. 2008. The Guardian. September 30 2008. <http//www. guardian. co.uk/world/2008/apr/22/china. food>. Bristow, Michael. China Jumps Olympics Air Hurdle . 2008. BBC News. September 30 2008. <http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7569876. stm>. Chang, Anita. China Marks Olympics, Spacewalk for National Day. Yahoo News. September 30 2008. <http//news. yahoo. com/s/ap/20080929/ap_on_re_as/as_china_national_day_1_ylt=AsuspoNIir4UxptPKYoiYqNPzWQA>. Demick, Barbara. China Issues Virus Alert after 23 Die. 2008. Los Angeles Times. September 30 2008. <http//articles. latimes. com/2008/may/04/world/fg-virus4>.M&C Health News. Chinas Melamine filth Spreads to Fresh Milk . 2008. Monsters and Critics. September 30 2008. <http//www. monstersandcritics. com/news/health/news/article_1431804. php>. Yahoo News. Dispute over Iran Requires More Negotiations Chinese Pm. 2008. Yahoo News. September 30 2008. <http//ph. news. yahoo. com/afp/20080928/tap-iran-nuclear-politics-china-8d4ea94. html>. Yinan, Hu. Space Heroes Get a Rapturous Welcome. 2008. China Daily. September 30 2008. <http//www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2008-09/30/content_7070611. htm>.

Explain the role of children and young people’s personal choices

As the children grow up they tend to do things that other children do, be influenced, and starting to hide stuff from their parents. Sometime children are really vulturine because they didnt get what they wanted so they start to abuse the other children or young people. Sometime it is just that they think that eitherone else doesnt know what is good for him/her so they just want to do their own choice, but they dont know ceaselessly was is good for them so they end up doing bad things, like smoking, drinking, drugging, etc.which is going to affect them maybe for all their lives. Personal choices made as a child and young adult effect n archean e rattling aspect of life. From education to family planning poor choices can lead to impoverishment and few opportunities, while good choices can open up a world of possibilities. Family experience as a child can very much play a role, but young adults are full capable of taking responsibility for the life choices they make.In accordanc e with Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, the outcomes of the Governments Every Child Matters role model and the Early Years Foundation Stage, children should be provisioned for by ensuring that children are refer and engaged with, allowing them to be heard, to make decisions, contribute their experiences and be supported and safeguarded end-to-end their development.According to Tassoni (2010) the EYFS clearly states that a curriculum for children under five years should be balanced of adult-led and child-initiated activities an environment needs to be rich in resources and displayed in such a way that the children can determine their own play. . An early years setting should encourage goodly snacks and encourage parents to supply healthy balanced lunchboxes.

Critique of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan

Wright State University Modern Political doctrine Essay 1 criticism of Thomas Hobbess Leviathan Wes Miller PHL 432 Donovan Miyasaki 10/9/2012 Thomas Hobbes was an position philosopher best known for his 1651 text Leviathan. In Leviathan Hobbes suggests that hu hu valets reputation is bingle of competition, diffidence, and exult. I will argue against this assertion, claiming that hu humanity temper is not matchlessness of war and mistrust, but unityness of cooperation and collaboration. I will conclude by stating that man works together to achieve the common goal of survival, happiness, and onward motion of the human race.Hobbes begins his explanation of the state of nature in chapter 13 of Leviathan by stating that few(prenominal) men argon equal in nature. Although atomic number 53 man may be stronger or more intelligent than an otherwise, humans be relatively equal in e very(prenominal) way because of their ability to contain and form alliances For as to the stren gth of body, the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, any by secret machination, or by confederacy with others, that are in the alike danger as himself. 1 Because men are all equal, Hobbes believed that they desire the same things. If two men share the same desire, they depart enemies.If all men are equal, at that lead is no way for one man to be master of all other men. If a atomic number 53 man were to attempt to gain cause oer all other men, he would be overthrown by those he was trying to assimilate power over. Considering that all are essentially equal, and all naturally desire the same things, the nature of man, according to Hobbes, is war So that in the nature of man, we consider three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition secondly, diffidence thirdly, glory (293). In this unending state of war in that respect is no desire for any expert advancements or culture because there would be no use for either.Many other aspects of life are thrown aside as well no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea no commodious building no instruments of moving, and removing such things as require oft force no knowledge of the face of the earth no flyer of time no arts no letters no nine and which is worst of all, continual apprehension, and danger of violent death and the life of man, solitarily, poor, nasty, brutish, and unequal (293). Hobbes claims that in this state of nature, there is no place for any persona of justice or understanding of right and wrong.Because there is no society, there is no agreement on any type of guidelines between men. Because there are no guidelines, there is no way to be unjust. Therefore, every action in the state of nature is just. For example, it is perfectly just to deal from someone if they hold something that you desire (such as food, shelter, etc. ) Hobbes goes on to condone that the merely reasons that humans would be in a state of serenity would be the misgivi ng of death and the desire for commodious living. Hobbes gives a very pessimistic view of human nature.If his claims that the human nature is one of competition, diffidence, and glory were correct, the terra firma that we live in at once would be impossible to achieve. If every man was uninterruptedly at war with every other man as Hobbes claims, there would be absolutely no room for any technological advancement. He says this himself In such condition, there is no place for industry because the fruit thereof is uncertain (293). If what Hobbes claims is sure, the human race would not even exist. Mankind would bewilder destroyed itself before it was able to fashion any kind of society.Simply by looking back at how the world evolved to be the way it is today, anyone buttocks see that the human race as a whole has been extremely lucky. Humans worked together, formed alliances, and constantly took travel to achieve a more balanced society. Although many of these attempts urinat e been unsuccessful, they were quiesce attempts nonetheless. The fact that the advancement of society was even attempted proves that humans had to have worked together. I agree with Hobbess view that no man can be master of all men, but I do, however, believe that some men can be masters of some men.For example, the monarchial systems of England and China were successful for thousands of years. Humans have a pack mentality, much like wolves. some are leaders, and others are followers, this has been true since the dawn of man. There have forever been chieftains, kings, and presidents leading a group of other humans. Because of this system, all men are not entirely equal. Some men have power over other men. The situations in which men can be at tranquillity with from each one other is exactly what Hobbes said, fear of death, but is it not true that all men fear death?If man did not fear death, the human race would die out. There has to be a fear of death in order to survive. So, if there must be a fear of death to survive, and all men have a natural fear death, would this not mean that mans nature is one of pause? One might argue that the societies in place today are constantly at war with each other, that societies are groups of good deal acting as an individual, proving that Hobbess idea of a human nature in which we are constantly at war is correct. I would reply, however, with another(prenominal) question.Isnt society a result of a mass count of collaboration between human beings? Because the societies at war are make up of a large group of people acting as an individual, one can come to the conclusion that before societies were created, there was only cooperation. If human nature is one of constant conflict and mistrust, societies could not have been created in the first place. So, if before society existed there was only cooperation, one could say that society itself is the cause of all conflict, the opposite of Hobbess suggestion.I have argued tha t Hobbess idea of the human nature being one of constant conflict and mistrust is false. Humans have always trusted each other and worked together to advance the species as a whole. If there wasnt cooperation before society, society would have never existed at all. Hobbes states that human nature does not allow industrial advancement, but industrial advancement has manifestly been achieved. He claims that man can only be at peace when he fears death, yet men naturally fear death, therefore mans nature is one of peace.The fact that Societies are constantly at war does not prove Hobbess theory correct, it does the opposite. Societies are a result of humans working together, therefore human nature is one of cooperation. It is difficult to know how humans would act in a get along state of nature, but merely the fact that man exists today is validation that our nature is not one of war. 1. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, in Political Philosophy The Essential Texts, ed. Steven M. Cahn (New Y ork Oxford, 2011), 293

Domestic Effects of the Vietnam War

The Vietnam squeeze was a arguable cont cease that caused to a greater extent than raise and resentment in the unite States. The war began in 1959 as a result of the unite States attempting to stop communism from spreading passim Vietnam and to the rest of the do main of a function (Vietnam push). Communism had taken erect in split of Vietnam, and the unite States feared that whollyowing Vietnam to become a communist farming would throw a Domino Effect, resulting in e real nation nice communist. So in point to stop communism, Pre military positionnt Johnson sent in troops to due north Vietnam in March of 1965 (Vietnam war).But what Johnson failed to anticipate was the antiwar and peace foregoing mans that this would create back base in the US. Johnsons misfortune to in orchestrate US citizens more or less their commitment in Vietnam led to the growth of the largest and closely force outive antiwar effort in the Statesn history. (The Vietnam War and elegant Rights ride). Peace r all toldies, speeches, confines, teach-ins, creation of courtly recompenses organizations, and lawlessness all took direct in the US as a result of the evolution wildness in Vietnam, as head as the US brasss lack of communication to the public more or less the realities of the war.Although the ur ejecte Rights action began colossal before the Vietnam War in 1948 when Truman sign Executive set 9981 (Civil Rights Timeline), the Vietnam War caused the gallery to grow immensely, and it spread across the nation. The Civil Rights drivemodal value of the 1960s was do up of and effected some diametrical pack groups including women, Afri fire the Statesns, and American youth. These social groups scarpered roles in the exploit that would endlessly change United States history. They all shared a coarse hatful of ending the war in Vietnam and establishing peace in the midst of nations.Beginning in 1966, with and through mass demons trations, petitions, teach-ins, electoral politics, and obliging disobedience, millions of Americans challenged the governing in hopes of establishing peace. The peace movement was somely influenced by untried mass, African Americans, and women. The movement gained national spirit in 1965, and peaked in 1968 staying well until the end of the war (RIP Americas Anti-War Movement). Conflicts of politics, race, and culture caused a large social class in the US between the government and society.The injustice and violence of the Vietnam War caused much resentment, distrust, and anger in American citizens which led to various protests and the Civil Rights Movement. Women played a significant role in the antiwar movement. M both women united antiwar organizations because they disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the antiwar movement that was common amongst male war protestors (Rosen). The antiwar protests and differing organizations that were against the w ar in Vietnam excite galore(postnominal) women to express their opinions nearly fitted rights for women.They imagination themselves to be treated as the lesser in simile to men. They did non feel that society took them seriously as a strong or important part of benignantity, and that people doubted womens abilities in equation to mens. Womens Rights organizations emerged across the nation, all with the hopes of establishing decent rights among all sexes. Helga Alice Herz, is a prime example of a Woman activisticic in the US in the 1960s. She was a founding member of Womens resuscitate for Peace (WSP) in Detroit, and member of the Womens International League for Peace and granting immunity (WILPF).Herz set herself on fire on a Detroit street coigne in order to bring peoples attention to advertize for advert rights (Antiwar Activism and rising Feminism in the Late 1960s). She leave a letter upon her remnant saying that military manity needs to decide if this worl d shall be a good enough place to live for all human beings or if it should flack itself up into oblivion. (Swerdlow 130). Herz is an example of a radical feminist. native feminists were mostly make up of younger women who organize in smaller groups. They used more thoroughgoing and controversial tactics than the liberal feminists who were on the opposite side of the spectrum.Many advocated socialism. On the some other(a) hand, liberal feminists, tried to earn par for women by workings mainly within handed-down and semipolitical tactics (Womans Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present). Female activists connected the war with patriarchy, sexual violence, racism, capitalism, and imperialism, and they thought that the enormous amounts of silver being spent overseas would be expose spent on social problems at home like sexual activity luciferity, racism, and poverty (Womans Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present).Sexism and grammatical gender injustice within the civil rights an d antiwar movements inspired galore(postnominal) women to form antiwar organizations as well as organizations where they could discuss the dark of sexism in nonchalant life. The founding groups for the Womens paper bag Movement were many The content establishment for Women (NOW), formed in 1966 worked through legal intend to overturn loaded laws (Womens Liberation Movement).Another Mother for Peace (AMP), founded in 1967, was formed to make up the Vietnam War and the womens goals were to educate women to take an active voice role in eliminating war as a means of solving disputes between nations, people and ideologies. (Another Mother for Peace). Another large and effective womanish activist group was Women Strike for Peace, or WSP. This was an organization founded in 1961, and its members worked to ban thermonuclear test and end the Vietnam War.They held many demonstrations, and in any case picketed the snow-white House, the United Nations headquarters in New York Cit y, and the Pentagon to make their confrontation to nuclear weapons and war widely k straight by to the public. Women activist groups helped to accomplish many feats surrounding gender vexity in the 19th century. One of the biggest accomplishments was the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was write in 1923 and tell that Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or contract by the United States or by any state on account of sex. (Equal Rights Amendment, Sec. 1)As a result of the amendment, women could cast off a say in their government without being condemned, leave their homes to go out without feeling indictable astir(predicate) leaving their children al angiotensin-converting enzyme, and they were closer to affectity in the workplace, as they could now earn wages like men. Women as well fought for and contactd the right to have an abortion, and other large accomplishment was in 1960 when the nutriment and Drug Administration clear birth g o out pills (The Womens Liberation Movement of the 1960s).In conclusion, women did not play a major role in opposing the war, entirely the antiwar movement did inspire many women to armed combat for equal gender treatment, therefore accomplishing many goals for women ever soywhere. Another one of the largest contri exceptors to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was African Americans, as they played a major role in protesting the swig as well as fought for equal rights among all races. African Americans were discriminated against in many areas of life. The draft caused many of the protests later on 1965 no war since the Civil War produced so much opposition to the draft (The Domestic melt down of the War).It called for mostly citizens of lower and middle class. This gave non- whiteneds an inequitable disadvantage because they made up a lot of the lower class. It likewise resulted in more moody soldiers drafted into the Vietnam War than in any other war in history. my sterious soldiers fought for Vietnam to gain their freedom, even though they did not have complete freedom themselves. They thought that by helping America win the war, the government would issue them with their own rights and freedoms when they returned home. Because of this, African Americans served and died in Vietnam in disproportionate bouts.By the end of the war, they accounted for 12 percent of the combat deaths, a number that was close to their actual portion in the population (The Domestic product line of the War). The war did not grow to be ending anytime soon. Escalating violence in Vietnam as well as social injustice of the draft resulted in the forming of protest groups like the social intercourse of Racial Equality (CORE), among others. relentlesss organized demonstrations, sit-ins, and boycotts to fight for their rights in society. One rattling prominent and prestigious march took place in Washington DC in 1963 where about 200,000 black and white Civil Right s activists participated.This represented one of the most powerful protests in American history. It ended in front of the Lincoln Memorial where Martin Luther index young made a far-famed speech that called for African Americans to be evenly included in the American dream. office was one of the most prestigious draws in the fight for equal rights in the black community. ability focused on the Vietnam War and one day, as he pushed a plate of food a air he told advisors, Nothing will ever taste any good for me until I do everything I can to end that war, (King) He believed in nonviolent protesting in order to achieve equal rights and end poverty.Some of the most prestigious black protest groups were Black Women Enraged, National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union, National Black Counselors, and the Black lynxs. The Black Panther Party was an extremely influential socialist organization made up of radicals that were strongly against U. S. involution in Vietnam. They went against the teachings and beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. , a customary black leader in the movement, by using violence and extreme measures to get what they wanted equal rights. Malcolm X was a leader in the Black Panther Party.He taught black supremacy and advocated for separation of whites and blacks in society. White college students took a stand for human rights just as much as African Americans did. These protestors were made up of two types of people liberals and radicals. They both fought for the same(p) thing (peace in Vietnam) but went about getting it in very different ways. Liberals believed in working with the government to get what they wanted. They were by and large against violence and very political. Radicals were made up of mostly college students and other young people.They were generally more violent and went to extreme measures to get what they wanted. Some people went as far as illume themselves on fire to prove their point. The radicals were against the governmen t and rebelled against the normal rules of society. One grossness that most radicals shared was their distrust of the government. The antiwar movement was made up of different organized groups from all over the country. childly people everywhere were appal at the apparent dishonesty of the government. The government had withheld information about casualties overseas, as well as the general enormity of the war.To express their anger, many plain-spokenly rebelled against the authority of the government, and most took part in antiwar and peace organizations. One of the soonest groups was called the National Committee for a in his right mind(predicate) Nuclear Policy (SANE). They were traditional liberal peace activists, and their goal was a reduction in nuclear weapons in the war (The Anti-War Movement in the United States). There were many other groups that fought for this reduction, but SANE was the leader in the struggle for disarmament. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge gar ter of this group because he also believed in nonviolence.One example of the more popular, student-run activist groups was SPU Student Peace Union. It started in 1959 on the campus of the University of Chicago and lose popularity around 1964. This group was also liberal, but they were fighting against western capitalism and Soviet communism. The SPU organized many protests and marches outside of the White House. Their rallies attracted thousands of people from all across the nation. Perhaps one of the most wide-known student activist groups was the SDS Students for a Democratic Society. This organization was the most radical and represented the New Left.Their main goal was equality, peace, and freedom in the U. S. They fought for equal rights among all races and genders. SDS held teach-ins, protests, marches, and concerts for peace. In February of 1965, when the US began bombing North Vietnam, civil rights organizations everywhere grew larger and the protests got more intense. SDS organized marches on the Oakland soldiery Terminal where soldiers were leaving to go fight in Vietnam. Another way that American youth rebelled against the war was with the growing of Counterculture. This was a phenomenon of the 1960s that demonstrable within these radical activist groups.Thousands of young people joined in the creation of counterculture, a newfound way of living that promoted rebellion. The largest contributors to the antiwar movement were the American youth, and they expressed their new beliefs with counterculture. They repeatedly showed their concern for peace in Vietnam through campus rallies, antiwar demonstrations, and concerts for peace. These activists rebelled in several ways, including long hair, tie-dye, pre-marital sex, open experimentation with drugs, vibrate music, quizzical authority, and more.Today, this is known as the Hippie Movement. In conclusion, it is apparent that the Vietnam War caused a lot of problems, not just in Vietnam but in the U nited States as well. President Johnsons failure to warn the citizens of the US about the extremity and the realities of the war resulted in a lot of anger and chaos. It had the largest effect on women, African Americans, and teenagers. Women had been treated below the belt for so long by society just because of their sex that the war protests motivated them to take a stand against the unfair treatment.This resulted in the right to have an abortion as well as birth control pills and the Equal Rights Amendment. African Americans had long suffered oppression due to their race. Although they had come a long way since slavery, they were pacify treated very unfairly by whites. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were major influential figures that led blacks as well as whites to a more equal nation. After years of protests and demonstrations, African Americans finally started to get their point across.And finally, college students and other American youth had lost trust i n their government subsequently being lied to and misinformed about the war in Vietnam. They questioned the United States involvement and its morality. To voice their opinions, antiwar movements and peace organizations were made much of the youth rebelled in hammy or extreme ways. This rebellion never really ended, and trends like rock music, long hair on males, sexuality, and drug abuse still equal to this day. These are the effects that the Vietnam War had on America. The injustice of the war left an imprint on the United States Civil Rights were changed forever.Domestic Effects of the Vietnam WarThe Vietnam War was a controversial war that caused much anger and resentment in the United States. The war began in 1959 as a result of the United States attempting to stop communism from spreading throughout Vietnam and to the rest of the world (Vietnam War). Communism had taken effect in parts of Vietnam, and the United States feared that allowing Vietnam to become a communist natio n would create a Domino Effect, resulting in every nation becoming communist. So in order to stop communism, President Johnson sent in troops to North Vietnam in March of 1965 (Vietnam War).But what Johnson failed to anticipate was the antiwar and peace movements that this would create back home in the US. Johnsons failure to inform US citizens about their commitment in Vietnam led to the growth of the largest and most effective antiwar movement in American history. (The Vietnam War and Civil Rights Movement). Peace rallies, speeches, marches, teach-ins, creation of civil rights organizations, and rebellion all took place in the US as a result of the growing violence in Vietnam, as well as the US governments lack of communication to the public about the realities of the war.Although the Civil Rights Movement began long before the Vietnam War in 1948 when Truman signed Executive Order 9981 (Civil Rights Timeline), the Vietnam War caused the movement to grow immensely, and it spread across the nation. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was made up of and effected many different people groups including women, African Americans, and American youth. These social groups played roles in the movement that would forever change United States history. They all shared a common vision of ending the war in Vietnam and establishing peace between nations.Beginning in 1966, through mass demonstrations, petitions, teach-ins, electoral politics, and civil disobedience, millions of Americans challenged the government in hopes of establishing peace. The peace movement was mostly influenced by young people, African Americans, and women. The movement gained national reputation in 1965, and peaked in 1968 staying strong until the end of the war (RIP Americas Anti-War Movement). Conflicts of politics, race, and culture caused a large division in the US between the government and society.The injustice and violence of the Vietnam War caused much resentment, distrust, and anger in A merican citizens which led to various protests and the Civil Rights Movement. Women played a significant role in the antiwar movement. Many women joined antiwar organizations because they disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the antiwar movement that was common amongst male war protestors (Rosen). The antiwar protests and differing organizations that were against the war in Vietnam inspired many women to voice their opinions about equal rights for women.They thought themselves to be treated as the lesser in comparison to men. They did not feel that society took them seriously as a strong or important part of humanity, and that people doubted womens abilities in comparison to mens. Womens Rights organizations emerged across the nation, all with the hopes of establishing equal rights among all sexes. Helga Alice Herz, is a prime example of a Woman Activist in the US in the 1960s. She was a founding member of Womens Strike for Peace (WSP) in Detroit, and member of the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).Herz set herself on fire on a Detroit street corner in order to bring peoples attention to fight for equal rights (Antiwar Activism and Emerging Feminism in the Late 1960s). She left a letter upon her death saying that humanity needs to decide if this world shall be a good place to live for all human beings or if it should blow itself up into oblivion. (Swerdlow 130). Herz is an example of a radical feminist. Radical feminists were mostly made up of younger women who organized in smaller groups. They used more extreme and controversial tactics than the liberal feminists who were on the opposite side of the spectrum.Many advocated socialism. On the other hand, liberal feminists, tried to achieve equality for women by working mainly within traditional and political tactics (Womans Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present). Female activists connected the war with patriarchy, sexual violence, racism, capitalism, and imperialism, and they thought that the enormous amounts of money being spent overseas would be better spent on social problems at home like gender equality, racism, and poverty (Womans Rights and Feminism, 1946-Present).Sexism and gender injustice within the civil rights and antiwar movements inspired many women to form antiwar organizations as well as organizations where they could discuss the unfairness of sexism in everyday life. The founding groups for the Womens Liberation Movement were many The National Organization for Women (NOW), formed in 1966 worked through legal means to overturn discriminatory laws (Womens Liberation Movement).Another Mother for Peace (AMP), founded in 1967, was formed to oppose the Vietnam War and the womens goals were to educate women to take an active role in eliminating war as a means of solving disputes between nations, people and ideologies. (Another Mother for Peace). Another large and effective female activist group was Women Strike for Peace, or WSP. This was an organization founded in 1961, and its members worked to ban nuclear testing and end the Vietnam War.They held many demonstrations, and also picketed the White House, the United Nations headquarters in New York City, and the Pentagon to make their opposition to nuclear weapons and war widely known to the public. Women activist groups helped to accomplish many feats surrounding gender equality in the 19th century. One of the biggest accomplishments was the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was written in 1923 and stated that Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. (Equal Rights Amendment, Sec. 1) As a result of the amendment, women could have a say in their government without being condemned, leave their homes to go out without feeling guilty about leaving their children alone, and they were closer to equality in the workplace, as they could now earn wages like men. Women also fou ght for and achieved the right to have an abortion, and another large accomplishment was in 1960 when the Food and Drug Administration approved birth control pills (The Womens Liberation Movement of the 1960s).In conclusion, women did not play a major role in opposing the war, but the antiwar movement did inspire many women to fight for equal gender treatment, therefore accomplishing many goals for women everywhere. Another one of the largest contributors to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s was African Americans, as they played a major role in protesting the draft as well as fought for equal rights among all races. African Americans were discriminated against in many areas of life. The draft caused many of the protests after 1965 no war since the Civil War produced so much opposition to the draft (The Domestic Course of the War).It called for mostly citizens of lower and middle class. This gave blacks an unfair disadvantage because they made up a lot of the lower class. It als o resulted in more black soldiers drafted into the Vietnam War than in any other war in history. Black soldiers fought for Vietnam to gain their freedom, even though they did not have complete freedom themselves. They thought that by helping America win the war, the government would reward them with their own rights and freedoms when they returned home. Because of this, African Americans served and died in Vietnam in disproportionate numbers.By the end of the war, they accounted for 12 percent of the combat deaths, a number that was close to their actual percentage in the population (The Domestic Course of the War). The war did not prove to be ending anytime soon. Escalating violence in Vietnam as well as social injustice of the draft resulted in the forming of protest groups like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), among others. Blacks organized demonstrations, sit-ins, and boycotts to fight for their rights in society. One very prominent and influential march took place in Was hington DC in 1963 where around 200,000 black and white Civil Rights activists participated.This represented one of the most powerful protests in American history. It ended in front of the Lincoln Memorial where Martin Luther King Junior made a famous speech that called for African Americans to be equally included in the American dream. King was one of the most influential leaders in the fight for equal rights in the black community. King focused on the Vietnam War and one day, as he pushed a plate of food away he told advisors, Nothing will ever taste any good for me until I do everything I can to end that war, (King) He believed in nonviolent protesting in order to achieve equal rights and end poverty.Some of the most influential black protest groups were Black Women Enraged, National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union, National Black Counselors, and the Black Panthers. The Black Panther Party was an extremely influential socialist organization made up of radicals that were strongly ag ainst U. S. involvement in Vietnam. They went against the teachings and beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. , a popular black leader in the movement, by using violence and extreme measures to get what they wanted equal rights. Malcolm X was a leader in the Black Panther Party.He taught black supremacy and advocated for separation of whites and blacks in society. White college students took a stand for human rights just as much as African Americans did. These protestors were made up of two types of people liberals and radicals. They both fought for the same thing (peace in Vietnam) but went about getting it in very different ways. Liberals believed in working with the government to get what they wanted. They were generally against violence and very political. Radicals were made up of mostly college students and other young people.They were generally more violent and went to extreme measures to get what they wanted. Some people went as far as lighting themselves on fire to prove their p oint. The radicals were against the government and rebelled against the normal rules of society. One commonality that most radicals shared was their distrust of the government. The antiwar movement was made up of different organized groups from all over the country. Young people everywhere were outraged at the apparent dishonesty of the government. The government had withheld information about casualties overseas, as well as the general enormity of the war.To express their anger, many openly rebelled against the authority of the government, and most took part in antiwar and peace organizations. One of the earliest groups was called the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). They were traditional liberal peace activists, and their goal was a reduction in nuclear weapons in the war (The Anti-War Movement in the United States). There were many other groups that fought for this reduction, but SANE was the leader in the struggle for disarmament. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge supporter of this group because he also believed in nonviolence.One example of the more popular, student-run activist groups was SPU Student Peace Union. It started in 1959 on the campus of the University of Chicago and lost popularity around 1964. This group was also liberal, but they were fighting against western capitalism and soviet communism. The SPU organized many protests and marches outside of the White House. Their rallies attracted thousands of people from all across the nation. Perhaps one of the most wide-known student activist groups was the SDS Students for a Democratic Society. This organization was the most radical and represented the New Left.Their main goal was equality, peace, and freedom in the U. S. They fought for equal rights among all races and genders. SDS held teach-ins, protests, marches, and concerts for peace. In February of 1965, when the US began bombing North Vietnam, civil rights organizations everywhere grew larger and the protests got more in tense. SDS organized marches on the Oakland Army Terminal where soldiers were leaving to go fight in Vietnam. Another way that American youth rebelled against the war was with the development of Counterculture. This was a phenomenon of the 1960s that developed within these radical activist groups.Thousands of young people joined in the creation of counterculture, a newfound way of living that promoted rebellion. The largest contributors to the antiwar movement were the American youth, and they expressed their new beliefs with counterculture. They repeatedly showed their concern for peace in Vietnam through campus rallies, antiwar demonstrations, and concerts for peace. These activists rebelled in several ways, including long hair, tie-dye, pre-marital sex, open experimentation with drugs, rock music, questioning authority, and more.Today, this is known as the Hippie Movement. In conclusion, it is apparent that the Vietnam War caused a lot of problems, not just in Vietnam but in the United States as well. President Johnsons failure to warn the citizens of the US about the extremity and the realities of the war resulted in a lot of anger and chaos. It had the largest effect on women, African Americans, and teenagers. Women had been treated unfairly for so long by society just because of their sex that the war protests motivated them to take a stand against the unfair treatment.This resulted in the right to have an abortion as well as birth control pills and the Equal Rights Amendment. African Americans had long suffered oppression due to their race. Although they had come a long way since slavery, they were still treated very unfairly by whites. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were major influential figures that led blacks as well as whites to a more equal nation. After years of protests and demonstrations, African Americans finally started to get their point across.And finally, college students and other American youth had lost trust in their government after being lied to and misinformed about the war in Vietnam. They questioned the United States involvement and its morality. To voice their opinions, antiwar movements and peace organizations were made much of the youth rebelled in dramatic or extreme ways. This rebellion never really ended, and trends like rock music, long hair on males, sexuality, and drug abuse still exist to this day. These are the effects that the Vietnam War had on America. The injustice of the war left an imprint on the United States Civil Rights were changed forever.

Earth the Ailing Planet Essay

For more than a hundred years, humane beings have been excavating mountains and building roads for faster transportation. When the forests and mountains argon destroyed, inseparable waterways are also disrupted. In todays modern world, there is locoweed production of goods for daily consumption. The sprawling cities, high-rise buildings, cars, and electric appliances of modern social club demand a tremendous amount of natural resources.Besides the depletion of resources, more than pollution and waste are created in the process of manufacturing. The universe is a composite of the four elements of earth, water, fire, and air. When the earth element i. e. soil or cut back waterf completely out of balance, earthquakes result when the air element i. e. air genuine falls out of balance, hurricanes and typhoons arise when the water element i. e rivers and oceans falls out of balance, downpours and floods occur.In recent years, there have been many natural disasters, showing us the im balance of the four elements. Natural disasters are occurring all around the world. This is very worrying. When closely examined, all the various disasters can be linked to our destruction of the Earth. To change the world, we must begin by transforming black Maria and minds. Given the environmental problems facing our world today, we must not tho change attitudes but also lifestyles. We should have a grateful centre toward our planet.As each of us is consuming resources and contributing to pollution, we must everlastingly think about how to conserve resources. If we lead a simpler life, we will military service reduce the amount of garbage and protect our environment, thus improving the prime(a) of life on Earth. It is a simple concept, but if we all honk it into practice, the impact can be profound and far-reaching. Living on this planet, our hatful is intertwined with the health of our planet. Let us always remember that we coexist with the Earth.

Political Philosophy of the Philippines Essay

engraft and Corruption has al manners been a deep problem for the Philippines. M any(prenominal) presidents (if not altogether) in the past, be solidly incriminate of creating and approving projects of which the budget is way more than the necessary expenses and way more than the outcome. Some are accused of accepting bribes from various groups of big syndicates that operate lottery illeg in ally. Some of these presidents were greatly affected by all these accusations about their governance that they resort to oblige resignation, but some were brave enough to stand by their giving medication and stay seated in the throne despite all the allegations thrown against them.I k like a shot that this administration has been very consistent in express the people about their prime focus for the next six historic period of the Aquino governance, and that is a political sympathies that is free of corruption. From the time of the 2010 presidential elections until now, it has always b een the superlative advocacy of death chair Aquino. For this years State of the farming Address, the President took time to emphasize all the lapses and anomalies of the previous administration that were discovered in the early part of the present administration. There were investigations and inspections done to know where all the money of the national budget had gone.And they discovered that there are a lot of debatable releases of budgets. President Aquino also shared their solution to all these arising questions like appointing a Truth commission, who will lead the investigations regarding all the questionable budget approval of the previous administration. Also, included in the State of the Nation Address are the different strategies that are considered by the government to repartee the rising problem of unemployment in the country, the plans for the Philhealth, the National Land Use Bill, and some more.For me, this is a good way to start the 6-year governance of this admi nistration. Corruption is now in the minds of the people as something that is tearing this country apart, as something that is livery the people down and as something that is inevitable to any administration. But with the dependable determination and the strong will that this government is showing the people against corruption, they are gaining the trust of the people and with trust comes the support, which is for me an important part in any government.The fight of the government against corruption is something that the people appreciates because they have witnessed how life is with a corrupt leader, and with this fight the people sees a new light, they see a hope that there really could be a bright forthcoming for all of us. I also would like to emphasize that this philosophy of the government if pursued well, could actually bring a big big alteration in the state of the country today, more funds to go to ripe projects for the people. But the question still remains.Can they re ally eliminate corruption within the government? Of course I am not against the force of the government to execute all their plans against corruption, but the government is a big institution and the president cannot do it all by himself. He would enquire the support and participation of all the employees from the highest position in the palace to the smallest roam in all the branches of the government. This philosophy is great but we need to impose it properly so that all the plans will not go into exhaust and so that we will all benefit from it.

Cipd Cipd

CIPD Assessment Activity Title of unit/s Contemporary Developments in Employment Relations Unit No/s 5CER Level Intermediate Credit value 6 Assessment mode Written answers to questions Professional discussion (mixed mode delivery only) Learning outcomes date competing approaches that contextualise contemporary developments in employment relations. come across contemporary tug grocery store trends and data. Understand the main sources of employment relations legislation. Understand the role of the parties that alter the management of employment relations. Understand contemporary developments in employee involvement and participation. Understand different forms of conflict behaviour and dispute resolution. Assessment brief/ use In consultation with your tutor you are necessitate to select threesome out of the six questions/tasks below and provide answers to each one selected. bound and explain the different perspectives and approaches taken to man age employee relations and the balance of 1. 1, 1. 2,1. 3 power between management and individual employees. Identify and explain the labour market, how it is regulated and, using trend data and evidence, evaluate how it has changed over young years. You are required to prepare a briefing paper for impertinently appointed managers that 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 identifies and explains the main sources of employment relations legislation defines a contract of employment and the essential features of a written soilment of however particulars measure outes the impact of two recent developments in individual employment rights 3. 1, 3. 2, 3. 3, 3. advises on the role and scope of trade unions. Explain, using examples, how the actions and behaviour of management, trade unions and the state can impact on the nature of employment relations. Critically assess the claim that effective employee involvement and participation will strengthen some(prenominal) the traditional and p sychological exchange between an organisation and its employees You are required to brief the senior management team on recent trends in industrial action and explain the approaches 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. and skills required to help manage both individual and collective conflict. 5. 1, 5. 2, 5. 3 6. 1, 6. 2, 6. 3, 6. Evidence to be produced/required Answers equality to approximately 1000 words to any three of the questions/tasks above, together with a list of cited References and a separate Bibliography of sources consulted but not specifically mentioned in preparing each answer (but these should be excluded from the word count. ) Professional discussion (transcript and support information) equating to approximately 1000 words for each question).

Li & Fung

A review of the case Li &038 Fung (A) Internet issues is presented below in light of the future(a) two key methodologies SWOT analysis Porters five forces model A SWOT analysis of Li and Fung Strengths of the firm Reputable name and branding. well up informed and educated bitagement Tightly integrated supply fibril management with client base. Established decentralized management style efficacy to operate in both hard and soft markets. Existing inner(a) detonator Successful acquisition scheme (bought suppliers and competitors).Flexible and interactive externalize process. No inventories to manage. Weaknesses miss of initial knowledge on developing an e-commerce B2B profile. Lack of qualified personnel and subject matter experts to implement such(prenominal) a large undertaking. Poor selective information gathering and research prior to adopting the B2B doorway strategy Insufficient knowledge some the behavior of SMEs in exchangeable portals The initial plan of developi ng a B2B portal was based on the old parsimony model, change was not sufficiently accounted for. OpportunitiesThe internet is a true enabler to incorporate a more streamlined supply range management system. Allow customers to be able to be an intricate single out of the design process up to the point of product correct. Allow SMEs to figure in product procurement while enjoying a smaller missionary work rate. Ability to establish a line of products plan to develop markets in which surplus products could be sold (Electronic Stock Offer eSO) Threats Phasing the middle man out of the trading scheme is a risky strategy and an look for to alter an existing market mechanism.Possible loss of key employees to new(prenominal) Internet companies through the promise of greater wage compensation for freshly acquired skills. Fear that an online community would acquire or partner with an old economy trading company, becoming an oernight competitor. If the technology was outsourced, th en the company could draw dependent on that outside company for their IT need especially when an advance was needed. The possibility of outside companies being able to access proprietary information, strategy, or the complete Li &038 Fung business model.Exposing the business to a new business environment with insufficiently prepared change strategies Service quality issues in an area where the firm has never operated before could tarnish its reputation and guide in loss of value The new e-commerce endeavor made both(prenominal) of their larger customers nervous in that they were afraid that Li &038 Fung would be flexile their business by working with their direct competitors. Porters five forces model traditionalistic Rivalry most of Li &038 Fungs rivals waste been acquired. Bargaining business leader of suppliers sold raw materials to suppliers at a premium.Bargaining power of buyers in effect(p) and considered high value. Threat of new entrants low threat of entry. T hreat of renewal products- possibilities of threat in this area. Business Concept Li &038 Fung is a formn standing Hong Kong based company that that has evolved from an export trading company to a coordinator of value-added services across the entire supply chain in a world(a), open manufacturing environment. They assess the clients product and delivery needs and orchestrate supply, manufacture and delivery in a very tailored and specialized way. CapabilitiesLi &038 Fung achieve their high level of service through an executive alliance of two close brothers who form a unique synergy of strategy and execution. In addition, they give senior managers sufficient autonomy to respond to needs of unique(predicate) customers. They are aided by a centralized IT as well as monetary and administrative support in Hong Kong. Managers have their own compensation package, and bonuses are based on profits with no ceiling. There is great incentive to achieve name and addresss. Li &038 Fung us e a three year planning approach in which a goal is established and a gap analysis aids in identifing step to get there.Each three year plan had a petty name or slogan for the ultimate goal. Through strategic acquisitions to expound reach of service into new markets such as Europe and India, Li &038 Fung had grown to nearly five times that of its closest competitor by 2000. Value The value Li &038 Fung provided its clients is the view and reach into a globose range of choices for performing tasks. Through their knowledge of the various raw materials suppliers, manufacturers and shippers, Li &038 Fung could provide a high degree of quality and reliability in all aspects of modulate fulfillment.This knowledge coupled with sophisticated centralized information management made its services quick and reliable. Threat of Competitors The threat of e-commerce over the Internet was not as direct as expected. The brothers were concerned about disintermediation but found that most Interne t businesses were not well conceived. sort of they learned that the threat came from the hype of Internet businesses capturing more investment capital thus enabling those companies to invest greatly in their companies and hire forth talent from Li &038 Fung, for example. Continuing ThreatsIn the next three year plan, Li &038 Fung will need to assess the possibility and terms/ benefit of end-to-end supply chain communications based on better technology in developing countries. Li &038 Fung maintain their own staff, on the ground, with each supplier, thus ensuring valid business data in their system. From a market assesment viewpoint they will have to prove the value of that cost versus other entrants into this field that may assess suppliers differently. Channel conflict would dwell to be a threat with each increasing IT improvement. They will likewise need to attend to the legacy clients and how they fare against the B2B portal.Li &038 Fung1. What has been the historic strong suit and strategy for Li and Fung? Since Li and Fung was founded in 1906, the company has more than deoxycytidine monophosphate years of history and it is the main historic strength of Li and Fung. It accumulated lots of information and experience, which other competitors couldnt have owned without such a strong historic background. Li and Fung is a publicly traded family company. Speed, Solidarity, authenticity, affirm, and take for are the benefits to running a family business.For example, in a family business, people substructure think something in the morning and begin working on it in the afternoon after all, the family is a natural team. Trust is essential in all business and family businesses get a high level of trust among family members. In the early 1970s, Fung brothers who were both educated at Harvard Business work returned from the United States. Fung brothers returned heralded Li and Fungs transition from a family- owned business to a professionally managed firm , with a planning and budgeting system in place for the first time.As more source of supply emerged in the chop-chop industrializing Asian economies, Li and Fung expanded its roleal intercommunicate of offices throughout the Asia-Pacific region and this can be contributed to the fact that Li and Fung was Hong Kong based. By 2000, Li and Fung became a $2 billion global export trading company sourcing and managing the global supply chain for high-volume, time-sensitive consumer goods. 69% of Li and Fungs sales were in the United States and 27% in Europe.With 48 offices in 32 countries, the company provided value-added services across the entire supply chain in a so-called borderless manufacturing environment. Therefore, Li and Fung clients benefited in several ways supply-chain customization could shorten order fulfillment from three months to five weeks, and this faster turnaround allowed clients to reduce arsenal costs. Moreover, in its role as a middleman, Li and Fung reduced c o-ordinated and credit risks, and also offered quality assurance to its customers.Furthermore, with a global sourcing network and economies of scales. Li and Fung could offer lower cost and more flexible sourcing than its competitors. Li and Fung even started offering clients virtual manufacturing, or product design services. Li and Fung was entrepreneurial, allowing senior managers to run 90 small, worldwide management teams as name and individual companies. These dedicated teams of product specialists focused on the needs of specific customers and were grouped under a Li and Fung corporate mbrella that provided centralized IT, financial and administrative support form Hong Kong. This decentralized corporate structure allowed for adaptability and fast reaction to seasonal shifts. In Li and Fung, performance-based promotion and compensation were carmine principles. Each Li and Fungs top executives negotiated individual compensation packages. Li and Fung bonuses were based on prof its without ceiling.