The Contributions of William Gladstone Essay -- British History

Every country has a leader who helps change the country and the world. William was that leader in owing(p) Britain. Born in 1809 to a self-made Scotch merchant, which taught him to help the average person he entered the politics at the age of 22 in 1833 where he was a tireless administrator with tremendous nub for detail (Wilson 112). At first a very strong Tory, who felt that any electoral reform would lead to revolution, he became one of the founding members of the patient of Party in 1859. He would later say that I was brought up to distrust and to dislike liberty, and I learned to believe in it. That is the key to every my change (Wilson 102). As Prime Minister and leader of the Opposition for many years he was the standard bearer and champion of many reforms, and his gov from 1868 to 1874 was one of the beginning(a) reforming administrations of the century (Tompson 287). His ability to manage big crowds and to use the power of the crowd as an extra-parliamentary weapon (Wi lson) allowed him to push tough legislation through Parliament and his veer bigness, and grandeur, and moral weightiness was never to be repeated on the political scene (Wilson 118, 103). William Gladstone was a British statesman whose reforms had a greater lick than Queen Victoria.With the era named after Queen Victoria, many people believe that Queen Victoria was the most important person of this age. The Queen wasnt prevalent until later in life. People hated her for her refusal to come out of mourning after the death of her husband and her unenlightened political views. The royal pair had an participating role together until 1861 where she went into prolonged sadness and never made public appearances. She emerged 1870s to a much-diminished role in g... ...y 2012. . Findling, John E., ed. Events That Changed Great Britain Since 1689. Ed. Frank W. Thackeray. Westport Greenwood, 2002. 75-80. Print. Kagan, Donald, Steven E. Ozment, and Frank M. Turner. Great Britain Toward Demo cracy. The Western Heritage Since 1300. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. 684-87. Print. Olechnowicz, Andrzej. The Monarchy and the British Nation, 1780 to the Present. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 2007. Print. Tompson, Richard S. Great Britain A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. New York Facts On File, 2003. Print. William Ewart Gladstone. Spartacus Educational. Web. 14 May 2012. . Wilson, A. N. William Ewart Gladstone. Eminent Victorians. London W.W. Norton &, 1989. 99-132. Print.

Fronteir Exceptionalism :: essays research papers

What is exceptionalism? As defined by The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, is it 1) the condition of being exceptional or unique and 2) the theory or belief that something, especially a nation, doesnt conform to a pattern or a norm. Some historians credit the terms origins to Alex de Tocqueville, the 19th century cut historian. Since colonial times, Americans felt of themselves as the preeminent example of a social and morally advanced society. John Winthrops City on a pitcher illustrated the Puritan religious tones for these ideals. After the Revolution, a combination of secular and sacred ideologies formed that saw the United States as providentially selected to be a worshipful stage for liberty and a new world order. But dont all peoples of a nation feel an exceptional pride in their nation? Why did/do Americans feel that way? I believe one of the most fundamentally important facets that contributed to the American exceptionalism middle this time was the frontier. The frontier, whether a place or process, certainly shaped American thought from a ragtag colonial cluster to a hegemon with muscular muster. I disagree with many Turnerian protgs, however, in that the process of settling the frontier was non a series of successes. The new reappraisal of western hi news report shows that not all courses of action taken resulted in progress. Patricia Limerick discusses this well in her test entitled What on Earth is New Western History? In this essay she tries to quell old myths that are celebrated by those who would like to hold on with a blind eye to false stories. But these interpretations of the west are just as vitally important as the Indian and cowboy mystique. The concept of America and what an American is was fashioned from the combination of myth versus reality. Most of my musical theme will be examining these topics from Limerick, Ridge and Richard Whites When Frederick Jackson Turner and Buffalo Bill Cody Both Played Chicago in 1893.Turner and Cody told the story of the west in two starkly different angles, and with two different approaches. Turners narrative was one that told of large, empty expanse of free disgrace that was there for the taking, and was basically free from violence. Codys Wild West showed an adventure of conquest and persecution at the hands of the Indians, a correct representation of life on the plains.(47) But when the two are taken into account together, the biases of each bring to light the complexities that shadowed their explanation for their perspective.

Plot Analysis Of Conspiracy Th :: essays research papers

The Conspiracy Theory is a movie that can wake you up to a very likely and harsh reality. Main cite Jerry, author and sole producer of a monthly tabloid ab give away theories on conspiracies soon begins to hatch a hidden and forgotten past. The most enamor part of Conspiracy Theory is how the quotations past and present interact to contribute to the plot, and their futures.The sad pasts of the 3 main characters help define the plot. Jerry was iodin time a test subject for governmental experiments. Jodas, head of these experiments, tried to learn how to turn an everyday some mavin into a brutal dash offer. Jerry soon became Jodas personal shit of destruction, and Jerry was told to kill a appraise who was sure to put Jodas in jail. Jerry was given a chance to kill him, but his human conscience proved to noneffervescent live on, the judge soon took Jerry under his wing. That judge was later killed by another one of Jodas men. With the judges final words, he begged Jerry to protect his one and only daughter, Alice. Our three main characters are now destine for a major confrontation historic period later.The main plot is laid out by the events of the present. Several years later, Jerry drives his cab as hes done every day since the shooting, until he zones out and has a flashback of his past. One soon finds out that Jerry is very paranoid about the government and he questions everything about it. Jodas catches up to Jerry and tries to imprison him. Alice accordingly finds that Jodas is one of Jerrys newsletter subscribers and has a meeting with him. Jodas past convinces Alice that Jerry killed her father now Jerry is about to be set up.The plot is concluded with a promise to the characters futures. Jerry then asks Alice to meet him, and they return to the specify where her father died. Jerry then confesses to Alice that he did not kill her father. After much deliberation, Alice believes Jerry and just on meter for Jodas return. Jodas captures Jerry and Alice barely gets away with the mere stroke of luck. Jerry is then imprisoned and injected with fluid that will convince his mind that he did everything.Plot Analysis Of Conspiracy Th essays research papers The Conspiracy Theory is a movie that can wake you up to a very likely and harsh reality. Main character Jerry, author and sole producer of a monthly tabloid about theories on conspiracies soon begins to remember a hidden and forgotten past. The most captivating part of Conspiracy Theory is how the characters past and present interact to contribute to the plot, and their futures.The tragic pasts of the 3 main characters help define the plot. Jerry was once a test subject for governmental experiments. Jodas, head of these experiments, tried to learn how to turn an everyday person into a brutal killer. Jerry soon became Jodas personal tool of destruction, and Jerry was told to kill a judge who was sure to put Jodas in jail. Jerry was given a chance to kill him, but his huma n conscience proved to still live on, the judge soon took Jerry under his wing. That judge was later killed by another one of Jodas men. With the judges final words, he begged Jerry to protect his one and only daughter, Alice. Our three main characters are now destine for a major confrontation years later.The main plot is laid out by the events of the present. Several years later, Jerry drives his cab as hes done every day since the shooting, until he zones out and has a flashback of his past. One soon finds out that Jerry is very paranoid about the government and he questions everything about it. Jodas catches up to Jerry and tries to imprison him. Alice then finds that Jodas is one of Jerrys newsletter subscribers and has a meeting with him. Jodas then convinces Alice that Jerry killed her father now Jerry is about to be set up.The plot is concluded with a promise to the characters futures. Jerry then asks Alice to meet him, and they return to the place where her father died. Jerr y then confesses to Alice that he did not kill her father. After much deliberation, Alice believes Jerry and just on time for Jodas return. Jodas captures Jerry and Alice barely gets away with the mere stroke of luck. Jerry is then imprisoned and injected with fluid that will convince his mind that he did everything.

Martin Luther :: essays research papers

The Renaissance marked new interests in the discovery of the natural world through art and the sciences. In art, the discovery of placement brought a revolutionary realism to painting, architecture, and exploration. This led to the Europeans discoveries of new lands, such as Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Because of the Renaissances deviance from the thoughts of the medieval age, an opportunistic view of humanity developed. many began believing that man was capable of doing anything, as long as they had the will.Society developed a man-centered thought, somewhat departing from the God centered thought of the medieval period. The improve leader, soldier, and artist were revered, whereas the bishop, priest, and monk took a back seat. The artists and humanists of the Renaissance era would help establish this age as one of individualism and creativity Renaissance thinkers appealed to a combination of Christianity and Humanism, by referring to Genesis 126 (And God said, Let us make hu mankind in our image, according to our likeness) and Genesis 128 (Have dominion over earth). Because man is made in Gods likeness and has dominion of Earth, Humanists believed they were divine creations of God living on Earth. The Renaissance helped secularize Europe. Man was now the creator of his own destiny. The exploration during this era brought more centralized monarchies. The flood of silver and gold made many nations money hungry, as they raced to discover more lands. Also, this era could be considered a scientific one, as Copernicus published his De Revolutionibus, which culminated into the growth of universities. Also, the printing press had created the ability to experience books cheaply and in more quantities. And this was important, as the Renaissance created a literate public eager for whatever was freshly published.The Renaissance occurred for many reasons. One primary(prenominal) reason could be with the dissatisfaction with the Church. There was a shift from group salvation to a more personalized view on life, due to the Humanistic movement. heap wanted an individualized way of salvation. The sacraments became devoid of meaning. The papacy lost much of its power, due to the secularization of many cities. People were able to congregate among themselves and discuss ideas and thoughts. galore(postnominal) people noticed the wealth of the papacy. The poor resented this wealth, while the rich citizens envied it. At the same time, the popes were still selling indulgences and high offices. The clergy had become lax and corrupt.

Richard III and Adolf Hitler :: Richard II Richard III Essays

Richard III and Adolf Hitler In William Shakespeares Richard III, we see Shakespeares interpretation of despot rule and the parallels that stem from this interpretation. The character instance of Richard has been examined and marveled for thousands of years. From Platos examination of despot rule in the Republic, we see the motives of what drives despot rulers. A look at the background of Richard and how his upbringing and personal life contri saveed to his insecurities will patron to understand why someone may become a despot. The comparison of Adolf Hitler to that of Richard, shown by the modern motion picture Richard III, will show the rapid wind and fall of the despot and the reality of totalitarian rule. Platos Republic, a fascinating look at the comparison of the just soul and the unjust soul, allows one to see the philosophical motives behind despot rule. despot rulers are simply driven by fear. Their anxieties and insecurities lead to a hatred that has a desire to destroy, deep-rooted in violence. Despot rulers are also never satisfied with the power they have at any given time, thus exposing their constant fear of retaliation from their subjects. This examination of the despot ruler by Plato clearly shows the motives by which despot rulers rule, but it fails to explain why and how these motives originate in the human mind. In order to comprehend why such a high level of fear and insecurity can be brought about, a look at the upbringing and personal life of Richard should be brought into discussion. One of three brothers, Richard was in constant competition of who would succeed in gaining the throne of England. Richard, like his other brothers, wanted the title of king quite badly, but as time pressed on it seemed less likely that Richard would succeed in gaining the throne. His shrewd attitude and a physical deformity, that left him nearly paralyzed, were devil of the many reasons why Richard would be kept of the th rone. Richard quickly became aware of this and he therefore began his rampage to insure himself the throne. After killing off his brothers and many others, who were eligible to succeed, Richard finally became King of England.

Richard III and Adolf Hitler :: Richard II Richard III Essays

Richard III and Adolf Hitler In William Shakespeares Richard III, we cover Shakespeares interpretation of despot rule and the parallels that stem from this interpretation. The section type of Richard has been examined and marveled for thousands of years. From Platos interrogatory of despot rule in the Republic, we see the motives of what drives despot rulers. A look at the background of Richard and how his upbringing and personal life history contributed to his insecurities testament help to understand why someone may become a despot. The comparison of Adolf Hitler to that of Richard, shown by the modern motion picture Richard III, will show the fast rise and fall of the despot and the reality of totalitarian rule. Platos Republic, a fascinating look at the comparison of the just soul and the unjust soul, allows one to see the philosophical motives behind despot rule. Despot rulers are simply driven by fear. Their anxieties and insecurities lead to a hatred that has a desire to destroy, deep-rooted in violence. Despot rulers are also never satisfied with the power they have at any given time, thus exposing their constant fear of retaliation from their subjects. This examination of the despot ruler by Plato clearly shows the motives by which despot rulers rule, but it fails to explain why and how these motives originate in the human mind. In order to breed why such a high level of fear and insecurity can be brought about, a look at the upbringing and personal life of Richard should be brought into discussion. One of three brothers, Richard was in constant competition of who would succeed in gaining the throne of England. Richard, like his other brothers, wanted the title of king kind of badly, but as time pressed on it seemed less likely that Richard would succeed in gaining the throne. His shrewd attitude and a physical deformity, that left him roughly paralyzed, were two of the umteen reasons why Richard would be kept of the throne. Richard quickly became aware of this and he therefore began his rampage to insure himself the throne. After killing off his brothers and many others, who were eligible to succeed, Richard finally became King of England.

Entire Course Essay

PSY 103 workweek 1 Origins of psychological science and Research Methods WorksheetPSY 103 Week 2 instruction ExperiencePSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder OutlinePSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking WorksheetPSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and constitutionPSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders PresentationYour second year of college is the perfect time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a freshman, you will not have replete experience to make a difference as a member of the student government. Instead, spend your freshman year developing your semipolitical stance and calculate out how your schools government runs.In this document of PSY 103 Entire Course you will find the next files PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder Outline.doc PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder.ppt PSY 103 Learning Experience paper week 2 Psychology class.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience-Z.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience.doc PSY 103 Lifespan Development and Personality.doc PSY 103 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet.doc PSY 103 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet.doc Psychology General PsychologyPSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods WorksheetPSY 103 Week 2 Learning ExperiencePSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder OutlinePSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking WorksheetTo download this tutorial follow the link https//bitly.com/1oJK58FYour second year of college is the perfect time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a freshman, you will not have enough experience to make a difference as a member of the student government. Instead, spend your freshman year developing your political stance and figuring out how your schools government runs.Psychology General PsychologyPSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods WorksheetPSY 103 Week 2 Learning ExperiencePSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder OutlinePSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking WorksheetPSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and PersonalityPSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation

Impact of Bric Countries on the Global Economy Essay

Looking forward to 2016 focusing in the BRIC group of countries, what impact entrust they have on the world economy? (30 marks) The BRIC group of countries consists of Brazil, Russia, India and china. BRIC describes the growing power and influence of the emerging markets of these countries in the orbicular economy. In recent years, all quaternion BRIC countries have experienced rapid economic growth, especially China. The BRIC countries were predicted to account for 37% of global growth between 2011 and 2016 and this will increase their share of global make to 23%.On the other hand, the proportion of the G7 economies global output is forecasted to fall from 48% to 44% over the same period of time. This data suggests that the growth of the BRIC economies is having a negative impact on the major economies. Manufacturing in the Europe and North America has been slumping in recent years due to the increasing price of crude(a) materials and labour. People are cosmos replaced with h igh-tech engineering hence there are fewer jobs.As a result of this, a lot of manufacturing is being moved to the BRIC countries where labour costs are raw materials are cheap. This is having an adverse effect on countries such as the UK. For instance, the UK car manufacturing industry cannot compete with China in terms of prices and output, hence leading to a decline in the industry. The buying power of consumers in the BRIC countries has meliorate as their economies have grown. Confidence has besides increased within businesses and consumers, leading to more economic activity.As a result of this there have been more opportunities for other countries to export their goods to the BRIC countries. In addition, galore(postnominal) brands and stores are expanding into these countries to fill gaps in not yet occupied in the emerging markets. The expansion opportunities for businesses in the BRICs will encourage growth in the global economy. However, the gaps in the emerging markets ar e being filled rapidly by multi-national companies therefore these opportunities will be few or gone in the feeler years.The BRIC countries are manufacturing establish therefore they rely heavily on raw materials. As a result of this there has been a lot of investment in other countries to secure natural resources. For instance, China invested a lot in African nations where it is trading cash for oil drilling rights. These trade deals should lead to improved economic conditions in Africa and other countries. Stock markets in the BRIC countries are emerging ones therefore they tend to give higher returns compared to developed markets around the world.Data shows that in 2010, Russia & India stock markets performed better than all other markets Russia gave returns of about 21% while Japan gave negative returns of about -3%. This would most likely result in investors change from developed economies to the emerging economies of the BRIC countries. As a consequence, other countries coul d witness a slower economic growth. However, the stock markets fluctuates frequently hence investors will invest based on a short term evaluation.Finally, looking forward to 2016 I think the BRIC group of countries will have a positive impact on the world economy. The BRIC economies have provided businesses with lucrative investment opportunities and a growth market. Making use of these opportunities could help revive the global economy. Although the BRICS are seen as a little terror to developed economies such as the US and UK, the trade activities such as exporting and importing Is helping all the economies involved.

Fahrenheit 451: the Future Isn’t Bright, It’s Burning

Fahrenheit 451 The Future Isnt Bright, Its Burning Censorship happens all around us, even if most dont bring to pass it. People al representations think of it as some far off concept, something that only happens in dictatorships or in Communism, such as in trades union Korea, but as Fahrenheit 451shows us, it is much closer to home than one might think. In it, people have become wonderfully ignorant to the reality around them after the government bans books, and all other types of entertainment dissolve into flashes of sound and light, nothing more than a pit stop until the next objet dart of fun comes along.Guy Montag is a fireman whose job it is to burn books. He loves his job, the brightness and destruction and hunger of the fire that consumes the books. That is, until he meets a teenage girl named Clarisse who is other to him, a girl who thinks for herself. She and Montag walk home and she talks of everything, her family, how she thinks, how the world is always going to fast , and then at the end, she asks a question that makes Montag question his entire life story She started up her walk. Then she seemed to remember something and came back to look at him with wonder and curiosity. Are you happy? she said. (Bradury, 10) After that, Montags eyes are suddenly exposed far wider than ever before. He starts to see things in a different light, even his wife, Mildred. He starts to see how empty and ignorant she is, and wonders how she got that way and how he neer noticed. He wonders how everyone got that way. He sees everyone is as empty as the woman he sleeps next to every night, how no one notices anything anymore except their parlor walls and their Seashell radios. How did we shell so empty? .. Who takes it out of you? (Bradbury, 44) he thinks after his wife cannot even remember how they met. That was when he realized he doesnt really k flat his birth wife. Montag thinks he loves his wife, he believes it with all his heart, or at least he wants to. However, the more he watches her, the more he realizes she is a stranger to him, and he doesnt know how you can love someone youve never truly met. He slowly figures out that his wife isnt his at all, not really, not now that he can see.When he was blind and ignorant, he had indeed loved her, but now that he knew something of the world, she became a strange creature to him. Once Montag realizes this, he becomes slowly detached from Mildred, though he still cares for her in a strange way, and though he knows he doesnt love her in the way he thought he did for so many years, he still wants to believe he does. He still wants to pretend. When he leaves her after burning Beatty and the metropolis is bombed, he still cries for her. He loves her even as he feels nothing.In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury paints a picture of humanity and society that is far likewise painstakingly true. just about people are happier in their ignorance than they could ever be with knowledge, even as that ignorance slowly kills them. Slowly, people are caring less and less about books and and instruction and more and more about the next big thing, zooming from one distraction to the next. Eventually, Bradburys book will become a reality for us all, and it too will burn in the piles. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York Del Rey Books, 1991. Print.

Database Technology Essay

Objectives of the course This course aims to provide continuum to where the first course of databases odd off. Design aspects of relational databases are covered. Complex data models like OO OR parallel and distributed are introduced. The course provides students a good overview of the ideas and the techniques, which are behind new-fashi mavend developments in the fields of data warehousing and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). 1. Overview Review of relational database systems, ER diagram, SQL. 2. Integrity and security Domain constraints referential integrity, assertions triggers triggers and Assertions in SQL. Security and Authorization Authorization in SQL. 3. Relational entropybase Design First Normal anatomy pitfalls in relational database design, functional dependencies decomposition.Desirable properties of decomposition. Boyce Code normal form 3rd and 4th normal form. Mention of other normal forms. 4. The ER Model Revisited Motivation for complex data types, User D efined Abstract Data Types And Structured Types, Subclasses, Super classes, Inheritance, Specialization and Generalization, transactionhip Types of Degree Higher Than Two. 5. Object-Oriented & Object relational databases Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors, Encapsulation of Operations, Methods, and Persistence, Type Hierarchies and Inheritance, Type extents and Queries, Database Design For An ORDBMS Nested Relations and Collections Storage And Access methods, Overview of SQL3. 6. Parallel and Distributed Databases Parallel Query Evaluation Parallelizing Individual Operations, Sorting, Joins Distributed Database Concepts, Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation techniques for Distributed Database Design Query Processing in Distributed Databases Concurrency Control and retrieval in Distributed Databases.7. Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications. (Overview and Design issues) Temporal Databases Spatial Databases & Geographic Information Systems, Mo bile Databases. 8. Data Warehousing and OLAP. a) Data Warehouse basics Data Warehouse (DW) mental institution & Overview Data Marts, DW comp atomic number 53nts Data warehouse architecture ETL Data Transformation Extracting, Conditioning, cleansing, Scrubbing, Merging, etc., b) OLAP Multi-dimensional modeling Fact table, dimensions, measures, examples Schema Design Star and fleck OLAP OLAP Vs OLTP, ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP tools. OLAP Operations Rollup, Drill-down, Dice slice, pivot. Text Books 1. Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Pearson Education2. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gerhke, Database Management Systems McGraw Hill 3. Kimball, Ralph Reeves, Laura et al Data warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit expert methods for designing, developing, and deploying data warehouses Wiley publications. References 1. Korth, Silberchatz, Sudarshan, Database System Concepts McGraw Hill 2. C.J.Date, Longman, Introduction to Database Systems, Pearson Education 3. Paulraj Ponnian, Data Warehousing Fundamentals, John Wiley. Term Work Term work shall consist of at least 10 assignments/programming assignments and one written test. Marks 1. Attendance (Theory and Practical) 05 Marks2. Laboratory work (Experiments and Journal) 10 Marks 3. Test (at least one) 10 Marks The final certification and acceptance of TW ensures the satisfactory performance of laboratory Work and Minimum Passing in the term work. Suggested Experiment List 1. At least one or dickens review SQL assignments covering triggers, assertions and authorizations. 2. Object Oriented Queries 3. Case study assignments for OO and OR database. 4. Two mini projects in distributed and parallel databases. 5. Hands on any one good warehousing tool (Oracle/SQL server Analysis tool etc.) 6. A full fledged mini project in which a student go forth design and implement a data warehouse. The data warehouse must be populated and OLAP queries and operations to be demonstrated for the warehouse.

Qualities of a nurse with a BSN as a Mentor Essay

Qualities of a have got with a BSN as a MentorThe restrain I chose as a mentor has wonderful qualities that I hope to have after I also obtain a BSN. She shows great communication between makes, doctors, and families. She is able to inform any situation in a professional manor. Her confidence is shown through her professionalism, for example, when she addresses information of medication and disease process to a family, she explains thoroughly, which builds trust with the family, shows her confidence and accountability, and she takes the term shows care. I know that being a nurse is a stressful job but nurses are able to find emotional stability and this nurse does just that by finding the balance of being happy in one room of a patient who was just extubated and doing well, then she will go to her next patient who isnt doing as well and have empathy for the family, she says the right things, keeps her own emotions stable and nonjudgmental, and changes her whole thought process r oom to room.She pays attention to detail by noticing the wrong medication dose before giving to a patient. She has great problem-solving skills by helping residents and doctors come up with solutions in critical situations, she has loyal responses with traumas. For example, she noticed something not right with her patient after a certain IV medication was given. She shows respect to all medical staff and families by staying professional, close sensitive, and always shows a positive attitude. I have detect nurses with ADN and nurses with BSNs, and I have noticed that BSN nurse show more professionalism in the hospital setting.She believes that breast feeding is a commitment of service and the desire to help those in need. It is more than treating an illness, she is focused on delivering quality patient care to each patient. Her philosophy of nurse combines the knowledge of medicine with compassion and respect. She has leadership skills that were learned through her education, pa tients are her number one priority, collaborates with the healthcare team, gives support, sensitive to patients needs, and shows praises to other colleagues. She industrial plant for the best interest for the patient, such as when she does not agree with an order written for a patient she will question the order and take execution when needed.She also shows her leadership skills through formingleadership meetings on ways to improve employee and patient satisfaction for our unit. She strives to improve areas on our unit that lack strength and finds solutions to hurl it better. Her attributes are what I am striving for my life long goals as I become a nurse with a BSN. The qualities that I have observed and the influence instilled through this nurse added with the education South University will be teaching me, will help me succeed as a professional nurse with a BSN. Not only will this add to my personal philosophy but also my own personal experiences as a current nurse and my will ingness to continually learn, listen, accept advice, respect others beliefs, and work with others in any environment given (adaptability). I look forward to advancing my skill and succeeding as a professional nurse and continuing my education.Chitty, Black, K. (2007). Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges (5th ed). W.B. Saunders Company.

My thoughts and ideas Essay

Firstly I would resembling to congratulate you on your excellent audition for the part of Juliet. As time is expressage and due to our individual work commitments, we be unable to meet up before rehearsals begin. Therefore, as the stage director I thought it maybe right-hand to discuss some of my thoughts and stems for the play and give you some background in formulaation that pass on be useful in helping you prepare for the part of Juliet. Shakespearess Romeo and Juliet was written during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I although it is unknown exactly when it was set.During this time people were taught that there was a divine way of doing things and that divinity fudge has instituted a perform and ordained a monarchy so that the people could be ru conduct all over in a proper way. Despite the country being ruled by a powerful woman, women had very little freedom socially, economically or legally. At the time of this play marriages were comparably different to todays estimate of marriage. Firstly the common age for girls to be married was fourteen and they had little or no say in the choice of husbands who were often chosen by families.Husbands were often chosen for their status in society so they could be rich and powerful allies to a family. Within families the father ruled over the wife and children just as the monarch did over the state. Religion played an important part in everyday life and children were taught closely their duty to God and atten jump at Church services was compulsory. Services were carried out by licensed clergy. This meant that the authorities were able to keep checks on citizens and monitor conformity. Julia, at this pane a brief overview of the play maybe useful to you.Essentially it is about two chief families in Verona, the rich and noble Capulets and the Montagues. An old feud betwixt the two families had grown in deep hatred that affected not only the family members but also whatsoeverone associated with apiece househol d, including the staff. Chance meeting often led to brawls and bloodshed disturbing the quietness of the streets of Verona. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. The play is a tragedy and the main theme is bask and hatred. The first two scenes in go 1 set the scene for the play and are mainly about the males and establishes the violence between the two families.Your first appearance as Juliet in this action is in bite 1 scene III. This scene is very important as we meet the main female character and two early(a)s doll Capulet who has a rather formal and distant relationship with her daughter and the nurse who is Juliets carer. We learn that Juliet is nearly fourteen years old in the play. In Act I Scene III Lady Capulet asks the nurse to summon Juliet then Lady Capulet asks the nurse to leave her and Juliet alone as they must talk in secret but then immediately asks her to come back as she has known Juliet from a young age.This demonstrates the nurses closeness to Julie t and the Capulet family. It also establishes her vastness in the play. I would desire you to portray Juliet as the young, polite and quiet girl she appears to be at this head word although as we know her character changes aft(prenominal) she meets Romeo. In Act 1 scene III Juliet is respectful and polite to her mother in a formal way. This is clearly demonstrated when Juliet replies to Lady Capulet by and by being summoned, Madam, I am here, what is your pass on? You should lecture these words in a quiet soft voice and you could make direct eye adjoin with Lady Capulet before looking away towards the Nurse so the interview sense Juliets respectful but shy nature. Lady Capulet appears to want to adhere to convention and asks Juliet to agree to look at a possible husband during the feast that night at the Capulets home. Lady Capulet reminds Juliet that she was the same age as Juliet when she gave birth to her. By my count I was your mother much upon these years and that girl s younger than Juliet were already mothers. The nurse is present throughout this conversation and establishes her importance in the play. She cares for Juliet as she almost replaced the nurses own daughter who had died. At this point the nurse starts to tell stories about Juliet as a baby. Juliet is embarrassed specially when she recalls how she got her to stop breastfeeding. There are some sexual implications in the nurses speech here and you need to show the shock and embarrassment that the uninstructed Juliet lead feel. We know that she has cared for Juliet since she was a baby as she talks about her childhood.You need to portray Juliets embarrassment about her childhood stories. The Nurse explains that it would be an honour to see her married. You may be taken by surprise at the abrupt way the question of marriage is asked by Lady Capulet. let loose briefly can you like of Paris love? You will need to convey that although Juliets in awe of Lady Capulet she seeks parental app roval. So regular(a) though Juliet has not met Paris before and does not know whether she can love him she agrees to look at him during the festivities that night.After a quick glance at the nurse again I want you to pause slightly before replying to Lady Capulet in a soft, formal manner, Ill look to like, if looking like move But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly This shows Juliets willingness to do as her mother says. The audience should sense your anxiety in anticipation of Lady Capulets response and then the relief you feel, when as you finish your sentence, Lady Capulet smiles with approval at your response.In Juliets reply there is some mirroring of language between her and Lady Capulet, words much(prenominal) as look and like. This adds to the idea that at this point Juliet is willing and keen to get approval from her mother. As Lady Capulet and the nurse leave you can show further relief as you relax the animated posture a nd drop your shoulders. After a few seconds you could portray a sense of excitement and anticipation of the dinner. The lights fade as you jauntily exit the stage. The next scene that Juliet appears in is Act 1 Scene V. In this scene Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time.Romeo spots Juliet while standing to the berth during the dancing at the banquet. He immediately falls in love with her. Romeo is so struck by Juliets beauty he is inspired to speak a monologue in tribute. He uses light and dark imagery to stress her beauty. He says it seemed to him that she could teach torches to burn bright and she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear. Shakespeare continues this theme of light and dark imagery by using metaphors such as livid dove trooping with crows to demonstrate how Juliet shines above the other ladies there.Though Romeo is awestruck by your perfection you are unaware that you are being watched so you continue to dance in the background however y our movements must be light, graceful but spirited to convey your youthful innocence. Shakespeare uses metaphors to create a positive image about Juliets beauty. Romeo also describes Juliets beauty as To rich for use, for earth to dear This is one of the many references to the theme of wealth in the play. This scene will be challenging for any actress as you are on the stage all the time. Eventually Romeo finds Juliet and touches her hand.At this point I want you to look at his hand and then slowly wonder your gaze up to make eye contact with Romeo. This is an electrifying point in the play and as such the audience need to be made to actually feel the sudden love at first sight. You and Romeo speak in a sonnet form to one another. Your tone is soft and flirtatious yet clear and precise. This makes the verse more noticeably poetic and allows the audience to believe in your love. At this point you are at the centre of the audiences attention but you need to be totally focussed onto R omeos face.You need to make the audience believe they are almost intruding into your emotions and feelings. They need to sense the strength of your love. This is a very significant part in the production as Romeo and Juliet do not know each others status but the audience do. The audience will realise that it will be impossible for Romeo and Juliet to be together contempt their passionate love for each other. This is known as dramatic irony as the audience knows something that the characters do not. Around you the festivities will be continuing with the other actors, dining and dancing.You and Romeo are totally engrossed in each other so much so that you do not notice that Tybalt has recognised Romeo as a Montague and is forced to restrain himself by Capulet not to cause a brawl in the middle of the festivities. Romeo eventually gets to kiss Juliet Let lips do what reach do that is join together. The poetry in lines 92-109 is between Romeo and Juliet. They share the same images and thoughts and their words flow together giving us the idea that they complete each other. The content of the sonnet has a religious theme and is an example of how religion is related to love. It uses imagery of saints and pilgrims.Romeo takes Juliets hand in the gentlest manner calling it a shrine. The use of religious words and references shows that Romeo sees Juliet as a blessing. The imagery for the audience needs to be that if Romeo is a pilgrim then Juliet is a saint and his love is holy devotion. Juliet tells Romeo that they should not kiss but she does not really mean this in fact she says The have my lips the sin that they have took. You need to show the contradiction in what you are saying and your body language should support this. Move your face closer to Romeos face as if inviting him to kiss her again.The couple are engaged in this loving exchange when Juliet is called away to her mother. You need to show reluctance in having to leave Romeo to respond to your mothers call. Then urge on away after a little hesitance presentation your desire for Romeo. The nurse tells Romeo that Juliet is a Capulet and he realises he has fallen in love with somebody from the enemy but this does not lessen his feelings towards Juliet. Juliet also begs her nurse to find out who Romeo is. Go ask his name- if he be married My grave is like to be my wedding-bed The nurse returns and informs her that he is Montague.Juliet is taken back that she has fallen in love with someone that she has been brought up to hate. You need to react to this in a stupefied manner moving onto momentary despair and confusion. My only love sprung from my only hate. Juliet appears to be thinking out loud. She realises that she must love her enemy even though family considerations should induce her to hate Romeo. The audience needs to sense your predicament leaving the audience wondering what she will do. By the end of the scene the audience will understand that Juliet is a stronger charact er than she appears to be in Act 1 Scene III.She is willing to break with tradition to be with Romeo. Juliets behaviour is changing, she is showing signs of defiance and her tone is more assertive. As the stage director I am attempting to send a message that despite this tragedy, love triumphs over hate. I want the audience to have warmth for Juliet as she dies for love and sense the needless tragedy that has occurred. I hope the information in this letter will help to you prepare for the production. Im looking forward to working with you in rehearsals. Feel free to contact me if I can be of any further assistance.

Case 4.4 Waste Management

risky trouble, Inc. float wariness, Inc. , incorporated in 1968, had become a leader in the industry of waste management services ranging from industrial operations to curbside collection. This club had become synonymous with numerous different kinds of disposal services that al lower-rankinged for the company to grow and grow with a inviolable base over the melodic line of twenty-eight years. Fin all(prenominal)y in 1996, the company reported total assets of nearly $20 billion with give nonice income close to $200 million. However, even with this growth and solid base, the company was feeling competitive pressures and net income was on the decline.Everyone from local to national collection companies were now charging less to the customer and this was taking a major ships bell on the gross margins and net income of tempestuous solicitude. With a relief sheet that was heavily based on equipment and land foul up counselling was beginning to find disclose that the un accompanied way to keep the company growing was to use dispraise and unbosom value manipulation to lower the direct hits of these expenses. Now that the anesthetises were becoming round enough to notice, the SEC began stepping in to investigate the operations, assets and covering methods that were existence used.Due to this, the company issued a release saying they would be am ratiocinationing and restating certain periods of their reporting and issuing youthful form 10-Ks and 10-Qs. Once the restatement occurred and a $3. 5 billion dollar loss was found the companys incorrect method of report processes were finally exposed. This resulted in net losses for the company as well as debt and equity ratings dropping precipitously. The SEC now launched a formal investigation into the accounting processes and found many misstatements from avoiding depreciation to improper capitalization and failure to accrue to proper liabilities.Many techniques were used and the end result was th at many of the management squads members were named as defendants in this case as it was try outn that they were the ones who were primarily responsible for the execution of this fraud. Through the investigation, it was found that Arthur Andersen helped to keep the fraud going by not demanding that PAJEs be lowtaken to correct errors. Instead, Arthur Andersen, who viewed Waste oversight as their jewel client, entered into an organization with Waste Mangement to fix these errors in coming years.This constituted an agreement to cover up fraud and Andersen was then sued for urbane fraud by the SEC that carried a heavy price. The company stock plunged and Arthur Andersens partners were fined and banned from the auditing of popular companies for up to five years. This overall lack of natural control and greed in the company ultimately led to a downfall for many partners and managing members at both Andersen and Waste trouble. Case Questions 1) Three conditions argon often presen t when fraud exists.First, management or employees hire an incentive or ar under pressure, which provides them a reason to commit the fraud act. Second, heap exist for example, absent or ineffective internal controls or the ability for management to override controls that provide an opportunity for the fraud to be perpetrated. Third, those snarled argon able to rationalize the fraud as being consistent with their personal code of ethics. Some individuals possess an office, character, or set of ethical values that allows them to realizeingly commit a ambidextrous act.Using hindsight, identify factors present at Waste Management that argon indicative of each of the three fraud conditions incentives, opportunities, and attitudes. Incentive Management teams of publicly traded companies are always under enormous pressure from shareholders to meet and exceed earnings expectations. Many shareholders view year over year growth, and transaction vs. earnings as a sign of health of the company theyve invested in. The pressure on management teams is compounded when poor results could easily spell the end of an administrators tenure with the company.In the case of Waste Management during the 1990s, founder & CEO Dean Buntrock created and nurtured an entire culture of fraud. While Waste Management continued to bring in false numbers to the public, Buntrock used company money to make charitable contributions and present himself as a decent, ethical person (Securities and throw Commission 2002). He received large amounts of money while he perpetrated the fraud, and his executive team was incentivized for their role as well. Opportunity At the time the fraud existed, internal controls were almost non-existent.The management team employed a number of improper accounting practices that did not comply with GAAP. As stated earlier, CEO Dean Buntrock not only allowed internal controls to be bypassed, he encouraged them to be ignored and shaped accounting policy with the sole purpose of making the targeted earnings numbers every(prenominal) year. The auditing firm, Arthur Andersen, LLP, was also shown to have complicity. The partners at Andersen knew that the companys policies were not compliant so they provided Waste Management with proposed adjusting entries to their books.Waste Management refused to make the adjustments so Andersen had Waste Management sign off on a list of 32 steps the company must do to change its practices. The document legally constituted an agreement among the cardinal parties and clearly shows that Andersen was aware of fraud that Waste Management had covered up in the past. Furthermore, Andersen did not stand up to the company and continued to issue unqualified audit opinions. Andersen was motivated by greed, as they billed Waste Management over $25M in seven years.Additionally, until 1997, Waste Management had never hired a CFO or CAO that had not resolveed for Andersen in the past. During the 1990s when the frau d occurred, 14 former Andersen employees worked for Waste Management, many in key positions. The circumstances existed so that an outsider, who could wind up being a whistleblower, seemed to not be allowed into the inner circle where the fraud was happening. Waste Management could be ensured by the high fees it was paid Andersen that the company would have a steady stream of potential finance/accounting employees who understood the fraud and how to continue to perpetrate it.Attitude Ones attitude and ethical beliefs shape how they perform under circumstances in life. The two main reasons why people choose to act unethically, like in the Waste Management case, are that their standards are different than society as a whole, or the person chooses to act in a selfish manner (Securities and Exchange Commission 2002). Greed, praise and recognition can all be motivating factors for someone to behave unethically. Waste Managements Dean Buntrock possessed a set of ethics (or lack thereof) t hat allowed him to commit fraud.He was clearly motivated by greed, was selfish, and had no issues with defrauding investors. He acquired almost $17M in personal wealth while investors broken billions of dollars of value in their shares of Waste Management. He also perhaps rationalized his behavior. He may have calculated that his odds of being detected were very low since he knew that the hearers at Arthur Andersen would issue an unqualified audit opinion regardless of how creative he got with his accounting fraud. The auditors also clearly acted unethically in their transaction with Waste Management.Even though they were aware that fraud was occurring, as stated above, they continued to issue unqualified audit opinion and bend to the will of Waste Management executives. The auditors never stood up to the company, most likely out of fear of losing a client that paid them almost $25M a year in fees. Additionally, Waste Management had a track record of hiring Andersen auditors into high level position, so they were acting out of greed as well. 2) Review Waste Managements merge Balance Sheet as of December 31, 1996.Identify accounts whose balances were likely based on monumental management estimation techniques. Describe the reasons why forecasts were required for each of the accounts identified. Waste Management had several(prenominal) fixed/long-term asset accounts whose balances were based on estimation techniques. On the December 31, 1996 balance sheet, the Vehicles and equipment account is grossly overstated. The company avoided depreciation expenses on their garbage trucks by both assigning unsupported and inflated salvage values and extending their useful lives (Arens 2011).In other words, company management inflated their vehicles and equipment account through estimation. With regards to the Land disposal sites account, Waste Management also assigned random salvage values for many assets that had no salvage values at all. Estimates are required bec ause there is no way to determine on the button what the resell value of a truck is 10 years from now. The accounting team must use their best judgment to estimate values based on past and present data.The realm of value estimation is a significant gray area for accountants where fraud can be committed. To that end, accumulated depreciation is another account that is grossly understated on the December 31, 1996 balance sheet. Accountants must estimate depreciation values based on a particular method of depreciation, but they can lessen the effect of depreciation on the balance sheet by artificially increasing the salvage value of assets and/or by lengthening the estimated useful life of an asset.Again, estimates are required because an accountants assumption is necessary to determine the expected values because of the impossibility of predicting what will happen in the future. 3. Describe why accounts involving significant management estimation are generally viewed as inherently ri sky. a. When dealing with management estimations, many different factors always come into play which are not always easily understandable. Management has the ability to use many different models, industry standards, and internally developed methods in place to properly or improperly state the item under estimation.For this reason, auditors must always have some kind of backup to show both consistency and a clear line of numbers, methods and e military ranks in order to become at an ending number of estimation. However, as easy as this may be to say, in the presence of fraud, numbers can be manipulated and tweaked to arrive at certain assumptions that can give the appearance of consistency while still not having a proper base. Along with this, auditors, while well versed and savvy of industries, do not have the time nor the knowledge to properly assess every single factor that may be used in the valuation of management estimates.Management estimation techniques vary far and wide a nd when dealing with a client that uses techniques not akin to the industry, it can be very hard to genuinely feel comfortable about the numbers used and the valuations presented. 4. Review Auditing Standards (AU) Section 342, Auditing Accounting Estimates, and describe the auditors responsibilities for examining management-generated estimates. Also, AU Section 342 provides guidance to attend to auditors in examining estimates. Describe the techniques commonly used by auditors to evaluate the soundness of managements estimates. b.According to the PCAOB, an auditor is responsible for considering all of the subjective and objective factors that go into the management estimates. The auditor must obtain sufficient evidence to reasonable agree that i. All estimates that could be material to the notes have been developed ii. They are reasonable given the circumstances iii. The estimates are presented in conformity with applicable accounting principles and are properly disclosed (PCAOB US 1989). There are, of course, a plethora of guidelines offered to the auditors relating to this inherently risky field of auditing management estimates.However, these guidelines not only help to evaluate the actual estimates and their uses, but also help to look into the reasonability of the estimates and the need for them. In order to assess the reasonability of an estimate an auditor must have the information from forward years present and available so as to compare both the inputs and the outputs of all the estimates (PCAOB US 1989). This allows for the auditor to see if there are any divergences or deviations from the usual historical outputs of the estimates.This also can give the auditor the ability to see what inputs are able to be manipulated or subject to potential bias. This insight can prove very necessary when so many numbers and formulas are involved. Along with evaluating the historical inputs/outputs and the processes used, the auditor should have their own view on the estimates so as to agree upon the use of the estimate. In order to truly have ones own view, the past is of course necessary but the future transactions and events can help to further enhance the reasonability of the estimate (or molest the use of it, if such be the case).These subsequent events can help an auditor to decide if there should be other key factors used or if changes in the business and industry should become significant in the assumptions. The last idea, and offering, by these auditing standards is to hire a specialist (PCAOB US 1989). Of course this is something should be done if, by and by review, the auditor determines that they need further expertise or analysis on the assumptions. At times, an industry can be some complex and calculations so convolve that an auditor has no choice but to hire an industry professional to liaise with regarding the factors and computations. . The Waste Management fraud primarily centered on opposed estimates of salvage values and useful lives for property and equipment. Describe techniques Andersen auditors could have used to assess the reasonableness of those estimates used to create Waste Managements monetary statements. Arthur Andersen auditors failed miserably on the audit inspection of waste management from 1992-1997. The auditors failed to realize the inappropriate salvage estimates and depreciation values of Waste Managements Equipment.The source thing the auditors should have done was to resist the truth of the estimates. The auditors should have checked every year in order to make sure the estimates were accurate. By checking the accuracy of the estimates Andersen Auditors would have seen in 1996 that Waste Management changed the salvage values of their equipment. Waste Management was allowed to change the salvage value, but the auditors should have made sure that it was a reasonable change, which is it was not. Next, the auditors would have been able to check these estimates on industry an d governmental standards.By checking against the governmental and industry standards the auditors would have once again been able to see that the salvage value was unreasonable. Another technique Andersen could have used was to get an main(a) estimate. By getting an nonparasitic estimate the auditors would have been able to compare the independent estimate to the salvage value that Waste Management was assumeing to their equipment. These numbers would have been able to be compared and evaluated to each other in order to figure out the proper salvage amount to use. The auditor is responsible for checking these numbers and they did not do their job.Also, the auditors could have done some more research on the items being salvaged and applied the fair value to each one of the items. This way the auditors would be able to back up these different estimates when comparing them to the estimates given by Waste Management. Andersen should have also seen red flags when these new salvage num bers were given. They were not historically accurate and were completely off from prior years. Part of the reason Andersen did not do anything was due to former Andersen auditors working for Waste Management. Andersen needs to be independent and they were not.By not being independent from Waste Management it caused them to overlook an estimate that caused stock holders to lose billions of dollars. 6. Several of the Waste Management accounting personnel were formerly employed by the companys auditor, Arthur Andersen. What are the risks associated with allowing former auditors to work for a client in key accounting positions? Research Section 206 of the Sarbanes? Oxley Act of 2002 and provide a brief summary of the restrictions related to the ability of a public company to hire accounting personnel who were formerly employed by the companys audit firm.As stated in the case several of Waste Management accounting personnel use to work for Arthur Andersen as an auditors. This led to many problems for both companies. The auditor needs to remain independent because of two main reasons. One is to make sure the audit is done unbiased and to make sure the client is unable to trick the auditor. If the client knows what the auditor is aspect for than they can manipulate the numbers in order to trick the auditor from catching these manipulations. The main risk with this practice is fraud. This can take place by the auditor or the client.If the client use to work for the auditor, just like in this place, the client will know exactly how the audits are done and exactly what the auditor is looking for. This can cause a client to post fraudulent numbers to numerous documents. The client will be able to insert these fraudulent numbers in to documents that the auditor will not look at. Also, the auditor can cook the books as well so to speak. The auditor cannot check all of the documents due to being friends with the client, due to some of the former auditors working for the c lient now.Also, the auditor can get a little lazy when it comes to doing the audit. What is meant by this is that the auditor might not do such a thorough job due to the fact that that a former auditor is doing the financial statements and they know exactly how to do them. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 206, the SEC has placed restrictions on former auditors working for a public company as accounting personnel. The section talks about conflict of interest in regards to this issue. SEC. 206. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.Section 10A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U. S. C. 78j1), as amended by this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following (l) CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. It shall be unlawful for a registered public accounting firm to perform for an issuer any audit service required by this title, if a point executive officer, controller, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, or any person serving in an equivalent position for the issuer, was employed by that registered independent public accounting firm and participated in H. R. 376331 ny capacity in the audit of that issuer during the 1-year period preceding the date of the initiation of the audit. (Sarbanes Oxley 2002). Basically, section 206 states, that any public accounting firm cannot hire a CEO, Controller, CFO, Chief Accounting Officer that was a formerly employed by the auditor that is performing the audit for that publicly traded company. That is the only restriction that is placed by section 206. As you can see on this case there are many risks and problems that are involved when a public traded company has formed audit members on their staff. 7.Discuss possible reasons why the Andersen partners allegedly allowed Waste Management executives to avoid recording the identified accounting errors. How could accounting firms ensure that auditors do not succumb to similar pressures on other audit engagements? Waste Management was a crown jewel client, and Arthur An dersen had been their auditor since before the company went public in 1971. Andersen and Waste Management had a long history of working together. Management officials at Waste Management were earlier employees of Andersen and Anderson did not want to lose one of their most important clients.From 1991 to 1997, Anderson received $7. 5 million in audit fees and $11. 8 million in fees for tax, demo work, regulatory issues, and consulting services. In addition, $6 million was billed to Waste Managements headquarters for non-audit fees. In order to please the client, and avoid losing them, certain fraudulent events occurred. Andersen advised Management to make Proposed Adjusting Journal Entries (PAJEs) to adjust expense and income accounts in the financial statements. Management failed to comply with Andersens advice and they entered into a secret agreement to keep off the errors.The agreement Summary of Action Steps, contained incorrect accounting practices and listed 32 steps that th e company must perform to correct the practices. It would allow Waste Management to cover up past frauds by committing future frauds. Andersen was hoping that this would benefit the company. However, the auditors did seem to ignore that refused to correct known accounting misstatements. Company auditors and management had personal relationships, so management was able to pressure auditors. Management knew what they were doing because they were former auditors.Forcing the changes in accounting practices could result in an end to Waste Management as a company and Andersen would lose that income. In order to avoid these situations, Sarbanes Oxley introduced Section 203 that helps with issues that a firm might face. Section 203 includes partner rotation, which forces the audit partner on the assignment to string out after 5 years. However, the rule has an exception to partner rotation for firms with no more than five public company audit clients and fewer than ten partners. These rules apply as of the first day of a companys first fiscal year beginning after May 6, 2003, with time served as the lead and concurring partners prior to May 6, 2003 being included in determining rotation periods (Alali Romero 2012). Audit firms can also give employee training on ethics so they are aware of company values. Bibliography Alali, F. , Romero, S. (2012). Auditor changes before, during, and post-section 203 of sarbanes-oxley act. Internal Auditing, 27(1), 25-30. Retrieved from http//bluehawk. monmouth. edu2048/? url=/docview/1009737322? accountid=12532Arens, Elder, Beasley, Auditing And Assurance Services An Integrated Approach- 14th Edition. Chapter 4. Congress, United States. Sarbanes Oxley 2002. 2002. fl1. findlaw. com/news. findlaw. com/cnn/ /sarbanesoxley072302. pdf (accessed meet 2, 2013). PCAOB US. 1989. PCAOB AU Section 342 Auditing Accounting Estimates. PCAOB. Accessed March 2, 2013. http//pcaobus. org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU342. aspx. Securities and Exchange Commission, Waste Management Founder, Five Other Former Top Officers Sued for Massive Fraud, http//www. sec. gov/news/headlines/wastemgmt6. htm (March 2002).

Mirabell and Millament Relationship Essay

In The Way of the World, his last comedy, Congreve seems to come to realise the importance for providing an ideal pair of man and woman, ideal in the sense that the pair could be taken for models in the life-style of the period. moreover this was almost impossible task, where the period was occupied by men and women, sophisticated, immoral, regardless of the larger world around them, and preoccupied posterh the self-conceited elaborateness as an weapon to justify their immoral activities funhin a small and restricted argona of societal operation.Congreve could not avoid this, and for this, he had to pave his way by the society by presenting a biz which, though complicated lavish for a resolution, aims at the ideal union between the hero and heroineMirabell and Millament. They leave as the triumphant culmination of the representative characters of the whole period, of course not types, for they are real enough to be human. Congreve endowed his hero and heroine with all the q ualities typical of the society, but towards the end the qualities, if negative, are employed as guards against the venoms of the society.At the beginning of the play, we find Mirabell shaping up a situation so that he bay window win the hands of Millament and her estate as well from Lady Wishfort who has the rein of power over them. In this Mirabell is perfect Machiavellian conscious of his surroundings. He is not at all a man from intrepid romance. That he is a past master in the game of love, of course, in the sense of the period, that is, sexual allianceis evident from his past affairs with Mrs. Fainall, from Mrs.Marwoods fascination towards him and, one many suspect, from Lady Wishforts unconscious longing for him. Moreover, Mirabell has mastered rhetoric to encounter men and women around them. Consistent with the irresistible charm of Mirabell, Congreve construct the character of Millament. She is the perfect model of the accomplished fine lady of high life, who arrives at the height of numbness to everything from the height of satisfaction. To her pleasure is as familiar as the air she draws elegance worn as a part of her dress wit the habitual language which she hears and speaks.She has nothing to fear from her own caprices, being the provided law to herself. As to the affairs of love, she treats them with at once knockoutness and difference. For instance, she exclaims to Mirabell Dear me, what is a lover that it piece of tail give? One makes lovers as fast as one pleases, and they live as long as one pleases, and they die as soon as one pleases and if one pleases one makes more. This, however, may be a case for Millament who is standing at the threshold of maturity from girlhood, as Norman N. Holland points out.But from her discussion of preconditions before entering into nuptials with Mirabell, it is clear that she is intelligent and discrete enough to judge her situation. In the Proviso Scene we find Mirabell and Millament meeting together to arrange an agreement for their unification. The scene is a uncontaminated comedy with brilliant display of wit by both of them, but, above all, provides instructions which have serious dimensions in the context of the society. On her part, Millament makes it clear that a lovers (Mirabells) appeals and entreaties should not stop with the marriage ceremony.Therefore, she would like to be solicited even after marriage. She next puts that My dear liberty should be preserved Ill lye abed in a morning as long as I please Millament therefore informs that she would not like to be addressed by such names as wife, spouse, my dear, joy, jewel, love, sweet-heart and the rest of that nauseated can, in which men and their wives are so ful virtuallyly familiar. Moreover, they will continue to present a decorous appearance in public, and she will have free communication with others. In other words, after marriage they maintain certain distance and reserve between them.Mirabells condition s are quite different they are frankly sexual in content, directed to his not being cuckolded or to her bedroom manners. Just as Millaments are developed femininely as Norman N. Holland points out, Mirabells are developed in a typically masculine way. Each of Mirabells provisos begin with its item first, the everyday principle, that your Acquaintance be general, then specific instructions, no she-friend to screen her affairs, no fop to take her to the theatre secretly, and an representative of the forbidden behaviour, to wheedle you a fop-scrambling to the play in a mask.Nevertheless, Mirabell denounces the use of tight dresses during maternal quality by women, and he forbids the use of alcoholic drinks. The conditions are stated by both parties in a spirit of fun and gaiety, but the fact remained that both are striving to arrive at some kind of mutual understanding. While the Proviso Scene ensures the marriage of true minds, the possession of dowry with Millament form the aim of Mirabell for the rest of the play.At the end of the play Mirabell and Millament through their own peculiar balance of wit and generosity of spirit, reduce the bumbling Witwood and mordant Fainall to the level of false wit. Thus Mirabell and Millament dramatise the true wit that is so carefully and symmetrically defined through opposition. On his part, Mirabell informs that, I like her with all her faults nay, like her for her faultsThey now to grown as familiar to me as my own frailties And Millament declares to Mrs.Fainall, Well, if Mirabell should not make a right husband, I am a lost thingfor I find I love him violently. These confidences do not prevent their own chances for honesty in marriage. The triumph of the play is in the emergence of lovers who through a balance of intense affection and cool self-knowledge achieve an equilibrium that frees them from the worlds power. As the title of the play The Way of the World suggests, they have assimilated the rational lucidity of sceptical rake so that they can use the world and reject its demands.

Charlotte

From the ginning of the tier, it was already worldifested how friendship and love became the foundation fifths novel, due to Ferns love for Wilbur he was saved from the hands of Mr.. cultiv adequate who intends to drive the life of Wilbur. Despite Fern being only a little young woman, she thought of Wilbur as her profess child, whom he cargond for and love so a lot. Aside from this, single of the capitalest proofs of how important friendship is was depicted between Charlotte and Wilbur. Without Charlotte help, Wilbur would be preciselychered in the slaughterhouse.In addition, it is exhibited in the story, that even though Charlotte life was nearing its end, she still thought of helping Wilbur, together with Templeton, in the fair to provide moral support for her friend. Although Charlotte passed away in the end, her life became more meaningful and happier by helping Wilbur. Wilbur was non only saved from being executeed, only what Charlotte woven lyric poem did was more than that, she proved to Wilbur that he is important and that he is loved which I believe is the best feeling anyone could experience.Lastly, before Charlotte go away she entrusted her egg sac to Wilbur since she cannot make it seat to the barn anymore, and s a loyal and grateful friend, Wilbur not only took the egg sac back to the barn tho even c ared for the three spiders who were left hindquarters and their succeeding eggs. Setting This story took place in rural America at the Seersuckers barn. The story bear on many seasons, although Wilbur was c everyed a restrain pig meaning he was innate(p) during springtime, most of the story happened during summertime and fall. The barn was old yet actually large as described in the story.This barn feels actually welcoming and comforting as it smelled broadly of hay. Wilbur natural home was at the lower part Of the barn, infra the cows. Since according to Mr.. Seersuckers viewpoint, manure pile is great for pigs as they need m ud to stay them warm and comfortable. Characters Wilbur He is the main character in the book Charlotte Web. He is born as a runt of his litter, which caused Mr.. cultivatable to kill him. Fortunately, he was saved by Ferns love for him. He is very sensitive and vulnerable, yet, with the love from his friends, he was able to live life again better than before.Most of the times he feels insecure and emotional notwithstanding with his friend Charlotte, he was able to move on to this and gain a little faith in himself. He undergo lifes as and follow throughs entirely with his friends, especially Charlotte, he was able to surpass it all and be blessed in the process. He is forever thankful for Charlotte?s love and as a phase angle of sho earningsg gratitude for this he looks by and by her kids. Charlotte A. Cavity She is a barn spider who lives above Wilbur pigpen, and often represent as a heroine of the story. She is cool, collected, practical, talented, clever and loyal to h er friends.She played an important part in Wilbur life, often perceived as a mother of Wilbur. She gave all her best effort even in her last sidereal day just to save Wilbur life and show people who Wilbur really is. Mr.. John Arable He is Ferns father, who wants to kill Wilbur at first solely due to Ferns objections, he spared Wilbur life. He let Fern get under ones skin care of Wilbur but greatly stand with his decision to sell Wilbur at five weeks old. He is a practical man but at the same time loving especially when it comes to his daughter.Fern Arable She is an affectionate little girl who saved Wilbur life from an untimely death and the only human being who can understand what animals say. She became a mother to Wilbur until it was time to sell him to his uncle. Despite this, she still visits Wilbur a lot and even kittens to the stories of barn animals. As, the story progresses, she grew up and moved away from the barn where she became more interested with Henry Fussy than Wilbur. Avery Arable He is Ferns elder brother who is boisterous, aggressive, adventurous and carefree. Unlike Fern, he often wants to kill animals and rule nature.He is likewise a performer, somewhat like a clown at some point, and works hard in the story. Mrs.. Arable She is the mother of Fern who at most times is overreacting especially when it comes to her daughter. She is very worried on how Fern thinks that animals can babble and hat most of her time is spent with the animals in the barn. She always try to push Fern to mingle with persons of his own age quite an than visiting the barn. Mr.. Homer Ackerman He is Avery and Ferns uncle and the proprietor of the farm near Rabbles residence. He raises animals for a living. Moreover, he bought Wilbur for six dollars from Fern.He is the saw and believed the members woven by Charlotte virtually Wilbur and decided not to take him to the slaughterhouse. He benefited from this, since Wilbur became famous and in return he cared m ore than ever for his animals. He entered Wilbur at a intention in the fair and won twenty-five dollars when Wilbur was granted with a special award. Mrs.. Edith Ackerman He is the wife of Homer Ackerman who spends her time mostly in the kitchen. She is also the only person who thought that the spider, Charlotte, is the one who is truly amazing than the pig, Wilbur, described by the woven words.Luray He works at Ackerman who also depicted what a very industrious person truly is. He was the first to settle the web of Charlotte and when Wilbur became famous, he and thusly took care of him extra carefully. He is very sensitive with Wilbur especially he does not eat his food. alter. Dorian -? He is the family doctor of the Rabbles family. He told Mrs.. Arable that Fern might really encounter animals talk because there are a lot of things that could not be explained by Science. He even attributed Charlotte web as one of the proofs of how wondrous the nature is. Minister He is th e first person to whom Mr..Ackerman shared the story regarding the writings in the web. He did not really believe him and even thought of Mr.. Ackerman as unusual. Henry Fussy He is not really a very active character in the story but was described s one to whom Fern is very fondled of. Templeton -? He is a rat that lives in Wilbur trough. He is portrayed as rather selfish who is also a glutton. Moreover, he would only help Charlotte and Wilbur when they would offer food in return. Neverthe little, he played an important role in finding words to describe Wilbur and in retrieving Charlotte egg sac.Lamb He is an insensitive Lamb who refused to play with Wilbur and continued to humiliate him by belittling Wilbur saying that pigs mean less than nothing to him. Goose He likes to tell Wilbur what he should do which most often sends Wilbur into ruble. She is a great mother to her kids and suspicious of the intents of Templeton, so she never lets him near her young ones. Gander He is the partner of Goose, who like her is also protective of his children. He is brave and strong but quite into violence when it comes to Templeton and his goslings. Uncle He is the large spring pig who competed with Wilbur in the County Fair. He also received a medal for his big size. Joy, Arena and Nellie They are some of the children Of Charlotte from its egg sac. These spiders are the ones that stay with Wilbur on the barn and became friends with him. Lot Exposition A sore litter of piglets is born on Mr.. Rabbles farm, however one of them is a runt which is deemed to small and weak to be kept on a farm. Fern, the daughter of Mr.. Arable, pleads his father to let the pig live and let her keep it as a pet. Mr..Arable, who loves her daughter so much, gave in to the wish of his daughter and spared the pig. Fern was able to keep his pet, which she named Wilbur, for a few weeks until it was sold to his uncle, Mr.. Homer Ackerman, for six dollars. Rising Action Although Wilbur felt lone ly upon leaving Fern, he shortly adjusted in the farm ND made some friends, especially Charlotte whom he mostly depends on. Fern, despite selling Wilbur to his uncle, still cares for the pig and visits him often. Fern, like Wilbur, also made some friends and even listens to their stories.Wilbur became very happy and carefree. He was constantly taken care of and fed slops that he wanted. Until, one day, he received a news. Climax The lamb then tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is plump out him up for Christmas dinner. Much to Wilbur diswhitethorn, he go forth soon be brought to the slaughterhouse. This news cause distraught to Wilbur who is already so pappy in the barn and does not want to end up killed for Christmas. Falling Action Charlotte then assured that she, together with some of their friends, leave alone do anything to save Wilbur.She then weave words into her web, describing Wilbur greatest qualities and praises to him such as SOME grunter , TERRIFIC, RADIANT and so on. This gained attention from people all over the county, which made Mr.. Ackerman rethink of whether Wilbur should still be brought to the slaughterhouse. Mr.. Ackerman then promised that if Wilbur wins the blue decoration in the County Fair, he would never be turned into a ham for Christmas. Charlotte became timid out due to this work but still decided to go to the County Fair and help Wilbur win the contest.She then weaves the last word for Wilbur and then goes to work on her egg sac which will withstand over five hundred eggs. Resolution Wilbur anxiously waited to see who won the prize. Unfortunately, his rival, uncle, won the blue ribbon for being the biggest pig. But to everyones surprise, Wilbur received a special prize for being a terrific and glad pig Unfortunately, Charlotte reached the end of her life span and was not able to be with Wilbur after his triumph nor see her children grow. As a sign of irritated for everything that Charlotte did for Wilbur, he vowed to take c are of her children.To honor Charlotte, Wilbur hangs his medal on the nail in the doorway where Charlotte web used to be. When the egg sac hatched, most of the new born spiders flew away to find their own homes, but three of them, Joy, Arena and Nellie, stayed on the barn with Wilbur. Wilbur became good friends with them, much to his delight. Year after year new spiders are born to replace the old one but no one was able to match and replace Charlotte in Wilbur heart. Us Mary One aurora at the breakfast table, eight year Old Fern sees her father leave he house With an axe and asks her mother where hes going.Her mother delivers the shocking news that Mr.. Arable is going out to kill a runt that was born the night before. Fern chases her father down and persuades him to spare the runt, telling him that it is unjust to kill a piglet just because it is small. Moved by his daughters plea, Mr.. Arable decides to give the runt to her to look after. Fern names the piglet Wilbur and looks a fter him like a baby, pushing him in her pram alongside her doll and feeding him with a bottle. At five weeks old Mr.. Arable insists that Wilbur is sold and he goes to live in theAckerman barn down the road. Wilbur initially struggles at the barn because he misses Fern so much but soon he becomes acquainted with new friends, the best of whom is a lady grey spider called Charlotte. Wilbur is fascinated by Charlotte, although to begin with he is some suspicious of the way she catches her food he doesnt like the idea that she spins bugs in her web and sucks their blood. He soon realizes that Charlotte is everything but cruel and bloodthirsty and that her method of eating is entirely necessary for a spider.Wilbur is complete happy during the summer days Fern comes to visit and is new friend tells him exciting stories and has the patience to try and coach him astir(predicate) how to spin a web (although she knows fine well he will never be able to) but one day he gets some terrible n ews that puts an end to his carefree attitude. The sheep tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is fattening him up for Christmas dinner and Wilbur is distraught he is so happy on the farm and doesnt want to die. Charlotte calms him down and promises him that she wont let him be killed. She hasnt worked out how to save him yet, but she is determined that she will.One morning as Curvy pours Wilbur slops, e notices Charlotte twinkling spider web in the morning fog. The words SOME PIG have been weaved into the web. Luray is gob smacked and utters a prayer. He quickly tells Mr.. Ackerman who is equally amazed and soon the news spreads near and far. Worried that people may be getting bored of SOME PIG, Charlotte asks Templeton the rat to aid her in finding more words to write in her web. Knowing that if Wilbur is killed he wont have access to his slops, Templeton reluctantly scavenges for newspaper clippings to help Charlotte.The attached word she writes is TERRIFIC and after that, RADIANT. Meanwhile, Mrs.. Arable is concerned that Fern is spending too much time down at the barn and becomes even more alarmed when her daughter tells her about Charlotte and the stories Charlotte tells. Mrs.. Arable decides to go and see Dry. Dorian to ask him what he makes Of Fern thinking the animals can talk and what he makes of the mysterious writing in the web. Dry Dorian is very calm and rational and says that the real miracle is not the writing in the web but the fact that a spider instinctively knows how to build a web without any tuition.He says that it is quite assertable that animals can talk and that the season that adults cannot hear them might be because they talk too much to hear what is going on in nature. With the news of Seersuckers famous pig spreading, the Ackermann and Arable decide to take Wilbur to the County Fair. Charlotte agrees to go too although she is feeling tired and soon has to build a sac to hold her eggs. At the fair, Charlotte is bilk to see that besid e Wilbur pen is a much larger spring pig called Uncle. Knowing he is furious competition, Charlotte decides to spin another web and once again Templeton is sent off to find a word.The adults and children enjoy homeless at the fair and Avery and Fern are particularly excited that they are allowed to go off without their parents all afternoon. Fern spends all afternoon with Henry Fussy and they go on the Ferris wheel together. For months after, Fern will look back nostalgically at her time on the Ferris wheel with Henry. Before nightfall Charlotte weaves her web with the new word HUMBLE written into it and throughout the night she makes her egg sac. In the morning the Ackermann and Arable See the web but they also notice that uncle has a blue tag on his pen he has already won first prize.Mr. Ackerman ignores the tag and tells everyone to buck up and give Wilbur a buttermilk bath. Everyone who comes to Wilbur pen has something good to say about him. Suddenly, over the loudspeaker a voice is heard asking Ackerman to bring his famous pig to the judges kiosk for a special award. Wilbur is awarded a medal for being phenomenal and completely out of the ordinary and Mr.. Ackerman is assumption $25. Since the writing first appeared in the web, the miracle has been on everyones mind. After the press photos and the commotion, Wilbur is returned to his pen. Wilbur notices thatCharlotte is quiet and looks unwell. She tells him that she is content now that she knows he is safe she knows Mr.. Ackerman will never harm him now, but she tells Wilbur that she is failing and will be dead in a day or two. Panicked and distraught Wilbur races around the pen, begging Charlotte to come home with him, but she hasnt enough energy to move. Wilbur decides to take Charlotte egg sac and promises Templeton first choice of his slops if he retrieves the sac. As Wilbur carries the sac in his mouth and is led into the crate, he winks at Charlotte and she musters all the energy she can to vibrate dobby.

Psychological Measure

Abstract * There are various psychological measures which are apply to adjudicate conditions such(prenominal) as depression in children and adults and even insomnia. The words Revised Hamilton Rating ordered series for notion and also Antidepressants and the intelligent of One Hand Clapping discuss the give of the Hamilton imprint Scale. These articles also compare and contrast the measurements which were detect by using this scale. Within the contents of this paper is an explanation as to who is qualified to administer and supply the measure as well as the settings in which it would deem proper to use the measure.Fin eithery, rigorousness of the Hamilton Depression Scale is reviewed inside this paper. Psychological Measure The Hamilton Depression Scale or norm completelyy know as HAM-D is a run that was developed by Max Hamilton around 1960 (rabbit warren, 1994). The test has been revised in the old age of 1966, 1967, 1969, and finally in 1980. It is a questionnaire th at is filled out by the patient and professional after the patients initial interview. The main goal of the test is not to help diagnose the individuals depression, merely to test the callosity of the depression.Max Hamilton was also clear that the test he created should not be used to diagnose patients, but simply to test the takes of severity. Summary of Articles The articles analyzed were, Revised Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, written by W. L. Warren and Antidepressants and the Sound of One Hand Clapping written by Ronald W. Pies, MD from the psychiatric Times. HAM-D looks at the level of severity of the different symptoms that are found in patients that have depressions. The symptoms of mood, insomnia, agitation, solicitude and weight loss are some the characteristics that are addressed in the questionnaire.In opposite words, it tests bulk that have already been diagnosed with clinical depression to find, if any, changes that may have come from treatment, or symp toms that have worsened due to daily struggles. This test is used by psychologists on children, teenagers, and adults (Warren, 1994). A great example of its some uses is trying to find the effect of placebos on patients. The placebo, also known as a sugar pill, is known to have no true physical effect on the human body except in the psychological belief of its healing power by the patient (Pies, 2011). The article written by W.Warren explored more on the clinical therapy that is achieved from the test, while Ronald W. Pies MDs article focus more on the experimenting research benefits of the test. They both agree on the purpose of the test, but have slightly different goals or focus of its use in the psychological community. HAM-D Administration The majority of psychological testing for antidepressants is d genius by means of the HAM-D test (Pies, 2011). In Warrens article, he explained that the reliability of internal tests done with the HAM-D comes around 81% with a fair sample r eaching the general representation of the demographics of clinical depress patients.The well-groundedity was also to be found in a mean around 61% as being match by other depression tests such as the BMI (Warren, 2011). There are seven tips that Hamilton felt were undeniable to consider when administering the HAM-D. The first would be the severity and longevity of the symptoms. The second is that the test should cover the last workweek or two weeks. It is not meant to cover just a day since it is difficult to monitor wishing of sleep, or weight loss in one day.The third item is that each item in the scale must be evaluated separately. Just because a person rates high in one area does not mean that they will rate high in another area. The fourth item that Hamilton covered was that the scale is based on a change from the norm in the patient. This scale is used to rate the depressed mood symptoms not the personality of the person. The fifth item is that each week should be looke d at separately. The researcher should not look at one week, or ask about the precedent week when doing the new test.The sixth item, which is rarely done now, is that the person administering the test should look at all sources of info, such as listening to what family members have to say. The last item that Hamilton felt necessary was to caution the clinician to use their own judgment when evaluating a person. For example, if a person says they have lost a lot of weight, but in reality it is only a few pounds, the clinician must be able to evaluate this information for what it really may be, such as dieting, or eating special foods due to a pass (Hersen, 2004).Hamilton never did set a specific set of standards for who should be allowed to administer the test. He did feel that the person who was administering the test should have certain skills and knowledge. Hamilton is quoted as saying, The value of the scale depends entirely on the skill of the interviewer in eliciting the nec essary information (Hersen, 2004). Hamilton felt that the clinician should have a varied background with dealing with people with all different degrees of severity in their depression. The rater should have didactic training as well as a background in psychology especially with affective disorders.The person doing the rating should have good interviewing skills, this would admit knowing when to ask certain questions as well as how to phrase the questions that are to be asked (Hersen, 2004). rigourousness It is difficult to say that the Hamilton Depression Scale in general is either valid or disenable without considering a few factors. Researchers have analyzed content, convergent, discriminant, factorial and prognostic validity which are found within this scale. Content validity refers to the reflection of the scale items in correspondence to known factors of depression.Convergent validity correlates with other depressions other measures. Discriminant validity involves distingui shing between groups which suffer from depression and those groups that do not. Factorial validity stems from factor examination of the data-based structure of the scale, determining whether each item focuses on the designed factor. Finally, predictive validity occurs in predicting change in the severity of symptoms which are associated with treatment (Bender, 2005). Validity within the Hamilton Depression Scale varies depending on what is being examined.Testing for information regarding older adults may be more or less valid than testing to see if the condition of the economy influences depression. Validity studies which examine scaling and item content concluded that several items failed at measuring single symptoms or containing response options that correlate with the degrees of severity (Bender, 2005). However, as previously mentioned, when this scale was used to measure antidepressants as they relate to depression, it proved 61% valid in comparison to other tests which are adm inistered to produce information which pertains to depression.These two discoveries assist in lowest that the validity of this measure varies based on different factors such as what it actually being tested and possibly the whom is person or persons responsible for administering the test due to interpretation and biasness. Conclusion Various measures evaluate the factors which correlate with depression, but the Hamilton Depression Scale is one of the most widely used in monetary value of depression. This measure is not used to diagnose depression, but rather to produce information about the level of severity.Although there is no definitive answer about who should be administering this test, the administrator should take seven factors into favor during this process. As with any other testing measure, validity has to be taken into consideration when determining if the test should go to be used in the future. However, validity is not cut and dry, but rather tortuous as it concerns what is being measured. Overall, this widely used measure, has revealed useful results in the past concerning depression and will continue to do so in the future. References Bender, K. (2005).Throwing Out the Gold? Reconsidering the HAM-D. Psychiatric Times Retrieved from http//www. psychiatrictimes. com/blog/couchincrisis/content/article/10168/1968125 Hersen, M. , Hilsenroth, M. J. , & Segal, D. L. (2004). Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment . Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. Pies, R. W. (2011) Antidepressants and the Sound of One Hand Clapping. Psychiatric Times Retrieved from http//www. psychiatrictimes. com/blog/couchincrisis/content/article/10168/196812 Warren, W. (1994). Revised Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Civil War Weapons

Lori Robinson HIS 226-IN1 Module 4 Weapons of the Civil struggle I have to turn on a weapon? Oh no Lets see, first I have to get my cartridge out of the box. I really hate the taste of shoot mill in my mouth when I rip open the cartridge with my teeth. whence I have to pour that powder into the barrel of the artillery unit. What next? Remove the rammer, ram the barrel to set the ammo, and then return the rammer. past to kick the gun, I have to set my cap, and now I can finally fire a virtuoso shot. Am I really expected to remember to do all these steps, for e really shot, while at the same time people be shooting at me?What about all the smoke and entropy? The noise of the guns and people next to me screaming in pain, or breathing their last breath. It is all so conf employ. Is there non any(prenominal) other weapon in can map? The musket I am using now is some likely the En topic rifle. It is what is called a cap lock rifle. Its probably the most popular shoulder gird of both armies. The South did have more in the beginning of the state of war, as they put in a large order from England, and it took a lot of time to produce the routine order for the North. at that place are two types of muskets utilize during this war.The smoothbore, which is not very accurate, nor does it have a very long range. The rifled-musket is not only more accurate, but because of the rifling, or grooves in the barrel, that cause the ball to spiral, it has a much longer range. Another category of shoulder arms is the carbine. The carbine, used most often by the cavalry, was shorter and lighter in weight than a musket. Carbines are breech-loaded, which means it is loaded between the barrel and the stock. This makes it easier to reload while still on horseback. There are about twenty different types of carbines, and mostly used by Northern troops.Many were actually produced in the North. One exception to this is the Maynard carbine. It is one of the favorites of the Co nfederate cavalry. Even though it is manufactured in Massachusetts, it continued to be shipped to Confederate States for several months by and by the war began. People claimed they were using the guns as Southern sportsmen. What if I want a sidearm? (Otherwise known as a pistol. ) There are hundreds of manufacturers and model universe used, but there are about 5 or 6 favorites, including the Remington, the Keer, and the Derringer.The Colt was the most commonly used, but the LeMat is one of the most powerful killing models. It is the one carried by Generals J. E. B Stuart and P. T. G. Beauregard. This revolver holds nine rounds plus the capacity of also holding a load of buckshot in a lower barrel. One problem with the LeMat, though is that it doses not hole standard ammunition. Most weapons use either . 44 or . 36 caliber projectiles, while the LeMat fires . 35, . 40, or . 42 caliber ammunition. I wonder what it would be like to be part of an artillery gun crew. It takes five men to load a cannon.Lets see if I can get all the procedures right. I have not gotten to do this yet, but have watched some of my buddies during drills. The first thing they do is to cover the vent hole. Then another(prenominal) man will ream his worm down the barrel to remove anything left for the last shot. Then a third man rams a sponge down the barrel to put out any hot embers. Good thing they do this, as I would not want any of my friends to reload power on top of a fire already in the barrel. Next the powder scallywag comes to present the rounds to the loader, who then puts it in the barrel and it is rammed down the barrel again.Now another man sets the primer cord, and after everyone is cleared of the cannon, it is fired. There are two types of artillery cannons being used in this war field guns and howitzers. The both use anywhere from six to thirty-two pound projectiles for ammunition. Just as with muskets there are smoothbores, rifled barrels and breech-loaded cannons. The rifled barrel cannons were used less often because as the barrels were do of bronze, a softer metal than the iron of the musket, the rifling was often worn smooth with continuous use.The field gun has a longer barrel and is usually fired straight ahead, or maybe a lithe 5 degree upward angle. The howitzer has a shorter barrel, used larger ordnance but a small charge. By the way, ordnance is just a host term for cannonball. The field gun had a longer range, but the howitzer was more accurate, with a higher arc. The longer range of the field gun is not even fully used most of the time, as the gunner must be fitting to see his target in order to adjust his shots. Are these all the weapons used in this war?Or course not There are the knifelike weapons. In most cases all edged weapons, are nearly negligible in as far as how many causalities these weapons accounted for. These include sabers, swords, bayonets and military cutlery. Military cutlery is just another fancy term for hand-t o-hand weapons, such as the Bowie knife. I heard a funny romance that was passed down from a Georgia boy about another type of edged weapon, the pike. It seems the Georgia governor, Joe Brown, at a time when there was a shortage of firearms, coherent 10,000 pikes.He imagined that he could create effective soldiers to defend themselves on a battlefield with this mid-evil type of weapon that was actually nothing more than a two-foot knife attached to a six-foot pole. The soldiers were trained using these weapons, but I wouldnt want to go to a gunfight with nothing more than a knife, no weigh how long the knife was. In fact, the 34th Georgia regiment was close to mutiny at the archetype of going into battle armed with only the pike. Governor Brown wants his men to charge the enemy with awful impetuosity.He told him men about the pike at least it will never misfire or waste a single charge of powder. The pikes were only meant as a last-ditch effort to arm the men with whatever coul d be found until more firearms could be furnished. Other weapons like gunships and submarines are being used in the war, but I will save those stories for later. I need to finish this story now so I can get some rest and prepare for battle in the morning. www. civilwarweapons. net